3.2 Skeletal System

Question 1

Number of bones in the skeletal system?

Answer 1

206 bones arranged in an orderly manner and fastened together by tough connective tissue

Question 2

Five main functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 2

1. Give the body shape and support
2. Allow movement
3. protect vital organs
4. produce blood cells
5. store calcium

Question 3

Three purposes of cartilage?

Answer 3

Supporting body structures such as the ears and nose, connecting the ribs to the sternum, serving as a cushion between bones to prevent them from rubbing together at junctures and joints

Question 4

System

Answer 4

A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity

Question 5

Tendon

Answer 5

A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Question 6

Ligament

Answer 6

A band of connective tissue that connects bone to another bone

Question 7

Cartilage

Answer 7

A type of flexible connective tissue

Question 8

Ossification

Answer 8

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 9

Joint

Answer 9

Any place where two bones meet some are immovable (skull) and others are movable (knee and elbow)

Question 10

Four types of joints?

Answer 10

Gliding, ball and socket, pivot, hinge

Question 11

Gliding joints

Answer 11

Allow the head to lower as the vertebrae of the neck slide over one another

Question 12

Ball and socket joints

Answer 12

Allow movements like swinging one’s arm around in a circle. Ball and socket joints consist of a bone with a rounded head that fits into the rounded cup socket of another bone (hip and shoulder)

Question 13

Pivot joints

Answer 13

Allow a turning motion, such as the palm of the hand rotating from up to down when a bone rotates on another ring shaped bone

Question 14

Synovial membrane

Answer 14

The lining of a joint which secretes a fluid called synovial fluid to lubricate joint services

Question 15

Source of the strength and hardness of bones

Answer 15

Bones are living tissue the strength and hardness are due to Incorporated minerals such as calcium

Question 16

Two principle materials of bone?

Answer 16

Cortical/compact bone and cancellous bone

Question 17

Characteristics of cortical bone?

Answer 17

Cortical or compact bone is the hard, strong, dense outer layer consisting of calcium and phosphorus

Question 18

Characteristics of cancellous bone?

Answer 18

Cancellous bone is the intersection which is spongy and porous

Question 19

What is the periosteum?

Answer 19

Surrounding the bones, it is a tough membrane that contains bone forming cells and blood vessels

Question 20

PLIF - posterior lumbar interbody fusion

Answer 20

Removing disk tissue pressing on the lower spine area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws

Question 21

ORIF - open reduction internal fixation

Answer 21

Making an incision in the skin realigning a fractured bone and inserting screws and plates to ensure the bone and do not move so healing can be promoted

Question 22

Craniotomy

Answer 22

Making an opening into the school bone to access the brain

Question 23

Anterior cervical fusion

Answer 23

Removal of disc tissue pressing on a nerve in the neck area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws

Question 24

TKA - total knee arthroplasty

Answer 24

Removing the bone at the distal/farthest end of the femur and the bone at the proximal/nearest end of the tibia and replacing them with metal/plastic components

Question 25

THA - total hip arthroplasty

Answer 25

Removing the head of the femur and the socket where it fits into the hip bone and replacing the structures with metal/ceramic/plastic components

Question 26

External fixation

Answer 26

Treating fractures with extensive tissue damage with either an optimal frame or modular external fixator to hold the bones together

Question 27

Optimal frame treatment

Answer 27

Placing pins with connected tubes to create a frame

Question 28

Modular external fixator treatment

Answer 28

Rod to rod construction

Question 29

Hip pinning

Answer 29

Stabilizing broken hip bones with surgical screws, nails, rods or plates. Also known as internal fixation of the hip.

Question 30

Trigger finger release (stenosing tenosynovitis)

Answer 30

Making a small incision in the palm, then cutting the tendon sheath tunnel to widen it and allow the tendon to slide through more easily

Question 31

Tibial osteotomy

Answer 31

A procedure to realign the knee by wedging open the upper shin bone (tibia) to reconfigure the knee joint. The weight-bearing part of the knee is shifted from degenerative or worn tissue onto healthier tissue