3.2 Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Number of bones in the skeletal system?

A

206 bones arranged in an orderly manner and fastened together by tough connective tissue

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2
Q

Five main functions of the skeletal system?

A
  1. Give the body shape and support
  2. Allow movement
  3. protect vital organs
  4. produce blood cells
  5. store calcium
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3
Q

Three purposes of cartilage?

A

Supporting body structures such as the ears and nose, connecting the ribs to the sternum, serving as a cushion between bones to prevent them from rubbing together at junctures and joints

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4
Q

System

A

A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity

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5
Q

Tendon

A

A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

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6
Q

Ligament

A

A band of connective tissue that connects bone to another bone

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7
Q

Cartilage

A

A type of flexible connective tissue

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8
Q

Ossification

A

The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone

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9
Q

Joint

A

Any place where two bones meet some are immovable (skull) and others are movable (knee and elbow)

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10
Q

Four types of joints?

A

Gliding, ball and socket, pivot, hinge

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11
Q

Gliding joints

A

Allow the head to lower as the vertebrae of the neck slide over one another

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12
Q

Ball and socket joints

A

Allow movements like swinging one’s arm around in a circle. Ball and socket joints consist of a bone with a rounded head that fits into the rounded cup socket of another bone (hip and shoulder)

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13
Q

Pivot joints

A

Allow a turning motion, such as the palm of the hand rotating from up to down when a bone rotates on another ring shaped bone

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14
Q

Synovial membrane

A

The lining of a joint which secretes a fluid called synovial fluid to lubricate joint services

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15
Q

Source of the strength and hardness of bones

A

Bones are living tissue the strength and hardness are due to Incorporated minerals such as calcium

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16
Q

Two principle materials of bone?

A

Cortical/compact bone and cancellous bone

17
Q

Characteristics of cortical bone?

A

Cortical or compact bone is the hard, strong, dense outer layer consisting of calcium and phosphorus

18
Q

Characteristics of cancellous bone?

A

Cancellous bone is the intersection which is spongy and porous

19
Q

What is the periosteum?

A

Surrounding the bones, it is a tough membrane that contains bone forming cells and blood vessels

20
Q

PLIF - posterior lumbar interbody fusion

A

Removing disk tissue pressing on the lower spine area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws

21
Q

ORIF - open reduction internal fixation

A

Making an incision in the skin realigning a fractured bone and inserting screws and plates to ensure the bone and do not move so healing can be promoted

22
Q

Craniotomy

A

Making an opening into the school bone to access the brain

23
Q

Anterior cervical fusion

A

Removal of disc tissue pressing on a nerve in the neck area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws

24
Q

TKA - total knee arthroplasty

A

Removing the bone at the distal/farthest end of the femur and the bone at the proximal/nearest end of the tibia and replacing them with metal/plastic components

25
THA - total hip arthroplasty
Removing the head of the femur and the socket where it fits into the hip bone and replacing the structures with metal/ceramic/plastic components
26
External fixation
Treating fractures with extensive tissue damage with either an optimal frame or modular external fixator to hold the bones together
27
Optimal frame treatment
Placing pins with connected tubes to create a frame
28
Modular external fixator treatment
Rod to rod construction
29
Hip pinning
Stabilizing broken hip bones with surgical screws, nails, rods or plates. Also known as internal fixation of the hip.
30
Trigger finger release (stenosing tenosynovitis)
Making a small incision in the palm, then cutting the tendon sheath tunnel to widen it and allow the tendon to slide through more easily
31
Tibial osteotomy
A procedure to realign the knee by wedging open the upper shin bone (tibia) to reconfigure the knee joint. The weight-bearing part of the knee is shifted from degenerative or worn tissue onto healthier tissue