3.2 Skeletal System Flashcards
Number of bones in the skeletal system?
206 bones arranged in an orderly manner and fastened together by tough connective tissue
Five main functions of the skeletal system?
- Give the body shape and support
- Allow movement
- protect vital organs
- produce blood cells
- store calcium
Three purposes of cartilage?
Supporting body structures such as the ears and nose, connecting the ribs to the sternum, serving as a cushion between bones to prevent them from rubbing together at junctures and joints
System
A group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity
Tendon
A cord of fibrous tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone
Ligament
A band of connective tissue that connects bone to another bone
Cartilage
A type of flexible connective tissue
Ossification
The process by which cartilage is replaced by bone
Joint
Any place where two bones meet some are immovable (skull) and others are movable (knee and elbow)
Four types of joints?
Gliding, ball and socket, pivot, hinge
Gliding joints
Allow the head to lower as the vertebrae of the neck slide over one another
Ball and socket joints
Allow movements like swinging one’s arm around in a circle. Ball and socket joints consist of a bone with a rounded head that fits into the rounded cup socket of another bone (hip and shoulder)
Pivot joints
Allow a turning motion, such as the palm of the hand rotating from up to down when a bone rotates on another ring shaped bone
Synovial membrane
The lining of a joint which secretes a fluid called synovial fluid to lubricate joint services
Source of the strength and hardness of bones
Bones are living tissue the strength and hardness are due to Incorporated minerals such as calcium
Two principle materials of bone?
Cortical/compact bone and cancellous bone
Characteristics of cortical bone?
Cortical or compact bone is the hard, strong, dense outer layer consisting of calcium and phosphorus
Characteristics of cancellous bone?
Cancellous bone is the intersection which is spongy and porous
What is the periosteum?
Surrounding the bones, it is a tough membrane that contains bone forming cells and blood vessels
PLIF - posterior lumbar interbody fusion
Removing disk tissue pressing on the lower spine area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws
ORIF - open reduction internal fixation
Making an incision in the skin realigning a fractured bone and inserting screws and plates to ensure the bone and do not move so healing can be promoted
Craniotomy
Making an opening into the school bone to access the brain
Anterior cervical fusion
Removal of disc tissue pressing on a nerve in the neck area by inserting a piece of bone between the vertebrae and fusing this area with plates and screws
TKA - total knee arthroplasty
Removing the bone at the distal/farthest end of the femur and the bone at the proximal/nearest end of the tibia and replacing them with metal/plastic components
THA - total hip arthroplasty
Removing the head of the femur and the socket where it fits into the hip bone and replacing the structures with metal/ceramic/plastic components
External fixation
Treating fractures with extensive tissue damage with either an optimal frame or modular external fixator to hold the bones together
Optimal frame treatment
Placing pins with connected tubes to create a frame
Modular external fixator treatment
Rod to rod construction
Hip pinning
Stabilizing broken hip bones with surgical screws, nails, rods or plates. Also known as internal fixation of the hip.
Trigger finger release (stenosing tenosynovitis)
Making a small incision in the palm, then cutting the tendon sheath tunnel to widen it and allow the tendon to slide through more easily
Tibial osteotomy
A procedure to realign the knee by wedging open the upper shin bone (tibia) to reconfigure the knee joint. The weight-bearing part of the knee is shifted from degenerative or worn tissue onto healthier tissue
