33 Intellectual Renewal in Western Christendom 1100-1300 Flashcards
What were the three major sources of Monastic education?
The Bible, the works of authorities from Christian tradition, and the classical works of the Greco-Roman past.
What were some features of universities?
1) Not under direct control of any bishop or cardinal
2) Independent charters from city authorities, along with letters of support from the pope, provided universities the authority to police their own ranks and, most important, to establish their own boundaries for intellectual work
3) Students paid a fee to come and learn from members of their faculties, who lectured and engaged in public debates, or disputations, to further knowledge
What were the three major fields or disciplines in universities?
Medicine, law and theology
What was the queen of the sciences in the 13th century?
Theology
Who was a devoted student of Augustine’s theology, that sought to provide rational arguments to support what the Christian faith claims about God?
Anselm of Canterbury
What did Peter Abelard think of the death of Jesus Christ?
The death of Jesus Christ demonstrated God’s excessive love for humankind. Its effectiveness lay in its capacity to move human beings to moral repentance rather than as a penalty paid for human salvation.
Focus on inner contrition rather than external acts of the sacraments as a means of forgiveness.
Who wrote the popular textbook for students of theology. ‘Four Books of Sentences’?
Peter Lombard
Who said that the existence of God could be demonstrated through logical means apart from revelation?
Thomas Aquinas
Who thought that divine revelation and not reason is the proper starting place for Christian understanding, and affirmed the mystical over the rational as pathway to God?
Bonaventure
Who argued against Aquinas that the will rather than reason is the faculty most involved in the process of salvation?
Duns Scotus
What is the rule of logic that argues that we ought to eliminate from a theory any concepts or causes that are not necessary to explain the phenomenon we are considering?
Ockham’s razor
What were the seven sacraments formally defined by the Fourth Lateran Council?
baptism, confirmation, penance, eucharist, marriage, ordination, and extreme unction (or last rites)
Who recorded a collection of visions and their interpretations she claimed to have heard from heaven?
Hildegard of Bingen
