27 Monasticism in the West

Question 1

Who were the peregrini?

Answer 1

They were monks and nuns who “wandered” around founding new monastic communities, which would go on to become new centres for spreading Christian influence among common people.

Question 2

Who was the first bishop of Maastricht, whom first travelled around and performed miracles?

Answer 2

Amand

Question 3

Who was the monk who felled a sacred oak tree?

Answer 3

Boniface

Question 4

What were some of the consequences of the normalisation of infant baptism?

Answer 4

1) dissolution of the office of deaconess whose primary ministry had been to assist in the baptism of adult women
2) Increase in importance of confirmation

Question 5

What started the new emphasis upon individual responsibility and personal spiritual development?

Answer 5

The system of penance, addressing major and minor ethical infractions in the day-to-day life of the people

Question 6

Which pope used a collection of forged documents like ‘The Donation of Constantine’ to claim that the papacy was the final court of authority within the entire Christian church?

Answer 6

Pope Nicholas I

Question 7

What were the two forms of abuse were the focus of reforms in the 10th century?

Answer 7

1) Simony; the purchase of ecclesiastical appointments

2) Nicolaitism; Clerical marriages or concubinage used to secure church lands for their children