3.3 Antebrachia and Hands- Muscles, Nerves, and Blood Vessels

Question 1

Label the diagram

Answer 1

Question 2

Label the diagram

Answer 2

Question 3

Label the diagram

Answer 3

Question 4

Label the diagram

Answer 4

Question 5

Label the diagram

Answer 5

Question 6

Label the diagram

Answer 6

Question 7

Label the diagram

Answer 7

Question 8

Label the diagram

Answer 8

Question 9

Label the diagram

Answer 9

Question 10

Label the diagram

Answer 10

Question 11

Label the diagram

Answer 11

Question 12

Describe the arteries and veins of the anterior brachia, antebrachia, and hand. Draw a diagram to assist your explanation.

Answer 12

The brachia/upper-limb has a single major artery supplying the upper limb
This artery has different names depending on where it is

Both radial and ulnar arteries originate in the brachial artery which divides at the neck of the radius

• SUBCLAVICAL
  Heartà Lateral Side of 1^st Rib
  
  • Artery: Subclavian Artery
  • Veins:
    
    • At heart: Superior Vena Cava
    • Just superior to heart: Brachiocephalic Vein
    • Prior to medial side of 1^st rib: Subclavian Veins
• AXILLARY
  Lateral Side of 1^st Ribà Inferior Border of Teres Major
  Axillary = Armpit
  
  • Artery: Axillary Artery
  • Veins:
    
    • Deep Veins: Axillary Veins
    • Superficial Veins: Cephalic drains into distal axillary veins. Basilic already drained into proximal brachial veins.
      
      • DISTALLY: Cephalic Superficial Vein à drains into the distal axillary veins
• BRACHIAL
  Inferior Border of Teres Majorà Neck of Radius
  Brachial = Brachia = Upper Arm
  
  • Artery: Divide into the ulna and radial arteries at the neck of the radius
    
    • Brachial Artery
  • Veins:
    
    • Deep Veins: Brachial Veins x2
    • Superficial Veins: Basciic drains into proximal brachial veins
      
      • Basilic Superficial Vein à drains into the proximal brachial veins
      • Cephalic Superficial Vein à drains into the distal axillary veins
• ULNA AND RADIAL
  Neck of Radiusà Wrist
  Ulna = Along Ulna
  Radius = Along Radius
  
  • Arteries: Brachial Artery drains into the ulna and radial arteries which then divide into the deep and superficial palmer arterial arches
    
    • Ulna Artery- Moves down the radius, lateral to flexor carpi radialis muscle
    • Radial Artery- Moves down the ulna, medial to flexor carpi ulna muscle
  • Veins:
    
    • Deep Veins:
      
      • Ulna Veins x2
      • Radial Veins x2
    • Superficial Veins: Both originate from dorsal venous arch
      
      • Basilic Superficial Vein
      • Cephalic Superficial Vein
• PALMAR ARCHES
  Wrist Onwards
  
  • Arteries: Originate from the ulna and radial arteries
    
    • Deep Palmer Arterial Arch
    • Superficial Palmer Arterial Arch
  • Veins:
    
    • Deep Veins: Divide into the two ulna veins and two radial veins
      
      • Deep Venous Arch x2
      • Superficial Venous Arch x2
    • Superficial Veins: Divides into the basilic and cephalic superficial veins
      
      • Dorsal Venous Arch

Question 13

Describe the ligaments, bursae, type, articulations, and functions of all joints of the ulna and radius

Answer 13

Elbow- Synovial Hinge

• Uniaxial
• Movements: Flexion/Extension
• Ligaments
  
  • Collateral Ligaments- Prevent abduction/adduction
    
    • Medial Collateral Ligament- Humerus’ medial epicondyle à ulna’s coronoid process and olecranon
    • Lateral Collateral Ligament- Humerus’ lateral epicondyle à annular ligament
  • Other Ligaments
    
    • Annular Ligament- Ulna’s radial notch à wraps around radial head à proximal radioulnar joint
      
      • Forms a sling around neck of radius
      • Keeps radial head stable at the capitulum
• Bursae- Multiple bursae. Most importantly, subtendnous bursa between ulna’s olecranon and the triceps brachii tendons, reducing friction during elbow flexion/extension
• Elbow Joint- Synovial hinge
  
  • Humero-Radial Joint
    
    • Synovial hinge
    • Flexion/extension
    • Radius head with humerus’ capitulum
  • Humero-Ulnar Joint
    
    • Synovial hinge
    • Flexion/extension
    • Ulna’s trochlear notch with humerus’ trochlea
• Proximal Radioulnar Joint-
  
  • Shares the elbow joint cavity but is not part of the elbow joint
  • Synovial pivot
  • Pronation/Supination
  • Radius head with radial notch of ulna

Proximal Radioulnar and Distal Radioulnar

• Shares the elbow joint cavity but is not part of the elbow joint
• Type: Synovial pivot
• Axes: Uniaxial
• Movement: Pronation/Supination
  
  • Assisted by a fibrous syndesmosis joint (an interosseous membrane) between the radius and ulna that ensures they move together
• Components:
  
  • Proximal Radioulnar: Radius head with radial notch of ulna
  • Distal Radioulnar: Ulna head with ulnar notch of radius

Radioulnar Joint

• An interosseous membrane running between the radius and ulna
• Type: Fibrous Syndesmoses
• Function:
  
  • Ensures that the radius and ulna move together, assisting the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, enabling pronation and supination
  • A point of muscle attachment
• Components:
  
  • Medial side of radius shaft and lateral side of ulna shaft

Question 14

Label the diagram

Answer 14

Question 15

Sort the muscles

Answer 15

Question 16

Label the Elbow Joint

Answer 16