1.5- Bones Flashcards by Ellie van Veen

Label the bones (excluding the cephalic region), the number of each type, their structural classification, and whether they contain red bone marrow which produces red blood cells (haematopoiesis)

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Label the bones of the skull

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Label the sutures and corners of the skull

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Outline the bones forming the coronal joint, their structural classifications, and the movements/functions they permit

Coronal Suture

Parietal bones
Frontal bone

Fibrous: Suture

Stability to protect the brain
Enables small movements useful for birth and brain growth

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Outline the bones forming the sagittal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Sagittal Suture

Left and right parietal bones

Fibrous: Suture

Stability to protect the brain
Enables small movements useful for birth and brain growth

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Outline the bones forming the atlanto-occipital joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Atlanto-Occipital

Atlas/1^st Cervical Vertebrae
Occipital

Synovial: Condyloid/Ellipsoid

*Sagittal:** Flex/Ext
*Coronal:** Side-bending (usually Abduction/Adduction)
*Combination:** Circumduction

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Outline the bones forming the atlanto-axial joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Atlanto-Axial

Atlas/1^st Cervical Vertebrae
Axis/2^nd Cervical Vertebrae

Synovial: Pivot

Transverse: Rotation of atlas around the axis’ projection

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Outline the bones forming the facet / zygapophysial joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Facet / Zygapophysial

Vertebrae superior and inferior articular facets
NOT between vertebral bodies

Synovial: Planar

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Side-bending (usually abduction.adduction)
*Transverse:** Left/right Rotation
*Combination:** Circumduction

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Outline the bones forming the interbody joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Interbody

Between Vertebrae

Cartilaginous: Symphyses/Secondary Cartilaginous

Shock absorption
Weight bearing
A little movement (interbodies can have a little movement as a treat)

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Outline the bones forming the sternoclavicular joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Sternoclavicular

Sternum
Clavicle

Synovial: Saddle

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Other:** Circumduction, Protraction/Retraction

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Outline the bones forming the acromioclavicular joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Acromioclavicular

Acromion process of scapula
Clavicle

Synovial: Plane

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Transverse:** Rotation

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Outline the bones forming the glenohumeral joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Glenohumeral/Shoulder

Scapula
Humerus

Synovial- Ball and Socket

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Transverse:** Medial and Lateral Rotation

Other: Circumduction, contributes to Pronation/Supination

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Outline the bones forming the elbow joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Elbow

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

Synovial: Complex hinge

Sagittal: Flexion/Extension

ALSO transverse: Rotation

Other: Contributes to Pronation/Supination

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Outline the bones forming the radioulnar joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Radioulnar

Radius
Ulna

Cartilaginous: Syndesmosis

Ensures radius and ulna move together
Site of muscle attachment

Involved in pronation/supination

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Outline the bones forming the radiocarpal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Radiocarpal

Radius
Carpals

Synovial: Condyloid/Ellipsoid

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction

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Outline the bones forming the intercarpal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Intercarpal

Carpals

Synovial: Plane

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Transverse:** Medial/Lateral Rotation

Outline the bones forming the 1st carpometacarpal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

1^st Carpometacarpal

Carpal (trapezium)
 Lateral metacarpal (thumb)

Synovial: Saddle

*Sagittal:** Flexin/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Other:** Circumduction, Opposition/Reposition

Outline the bones forming the carpometacarpal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Carpometacarpal

Carpals
Metacarpals

Synovial: Condyloid/Ellipsoid

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Other:** Circumduction, Opposition/Reposition

Outline the bones forming the metacarpophalangeal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Metacarpophalangeal

Metacarpals
Proximal Phalanges

Synovial: Hinge

Sagittal: Flexion/Extension

Outline the bones forming the interphalangeal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Interphalangeal

Phalanges

Synovial: Hinge

Sagittal: Flexion/Extension

Outline the bones forming the sacroiliac joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Sacroiliac

Sacrum
Ilium of the Os Coxae (ears of the os coxae mouse lemur)

An atypical synovial joint formed by fibrocartilage rather than hyaline cartilage

Limited movement
Supports weight

Outline the bones forming the pubic symphysis joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Pubic Symphysis

Pubises of the Os Coxae

Cartilaginous: Symphyses/secondary cartilaginous

Shock absorption
Enable more movement during childbirth

Outline the bones forming the hip/acetabulofemoral joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Hip/Acetabulofemoral

Os coxae acetabulum
Femur head

Synovial: Ball and Socket

*Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension
*Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction
*Transverse:** Medial/Lateral Rotation

Outline the bones forming the knee joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

Knee/Tibiofemoral

Femur
Tibia
Patella

Synovial: Hinge

Sagittal: Flexion/Extension

Outline the bones forming the superior tibiofibular joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Superior Tibiofibular** Superior Tibia Superior Fibula Synovial: Plane Proximal- Synovial: Plane Shaft- Fibrous: Syndesmosis Distal- Fibrous: Syndesmosis * *Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension * *Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction * *Transverse:** Rotation

Outline the bones forming the shaft/middle tibiofibular joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Middle Tibiofibular** Tibia Shaft Fibula Shaft Fibrous: Syndesmosis Interosseous membrane between long bones Ensures tibia and fibula **move together**

Outline the bones forming the inferior tibiofibular joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Inferior Tibiofibular** Inferior Tibia Inferior Fibula Fibrous Syndesmosis Interosseous membrane between long bones Ensures tibia and fibula **move together**

Outline the bones forming the ankle/talocrural joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Ankle/Talocrural** (talus-crural) Tibia Fibula Talus Synovial: Hinge **Sagittal:** Plantarflexion/Dorsiflexion (usually flexion/extension)

Outline the bones forming the metatarsophalangeal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Metatarsophalangeal** Metatarsals Proximal Phalanges Synovial: Condyloid/Ellipsoid * *Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension * *Coronal:** Abduction/Adduction * *Other:** Circumduction

Outline the bones forming the interphalangeal joint, its structural classification, and its movements/function

**Interphalangeal** Phalanges Synovial: Hinge **Sagittal:** Flexion/Extension

Label the carpals

***CARPAL NAME*** ***WAY TO REMEMBER*** **1** **S**caphoid **S**ome **2** **L**unate **L**overs **3** **Tri**quetrum **Try** **4** **P**isiform **P**ositions **5** **T**rapezium **T**hat **6** **T**rapezoid **T**hey **7** **Ca**pitate **Ca**n’t **8** **Ha**mate **Ha**ndle

Label the tarsals

***TARSAL NAME*** ***WAY TO REMEMBER*** **1** **T**alus **T**iger **2** **C**alcaneus **C**ubs **3** **N**avicular **N**eed **4** **M**edial Cuneiform **M** **5** **I**ntermediate Cuneiform **I** **6** **L**ateral Cuneiform **L** **7** **C**uboid **C**

Classify the following bones as being of the cranium/neurocranium or facial skeleton/viscerocranium 1. Ethmoid 2. Frontal 3. Inferior nasal conchae 4. Lacrimal 5. Mandible 6. Maxilla 7. Nasal 8. Occipital 9. Parietal 10. Palatine 11. Sphenoid 12. Temporal 13. Vomer 14. Zygomatic

1. Ethmoid- Cranium 2. Frontal- Cranium 3. Inferior nasal conchae- Facial 4. Lacrimal- Facial 5. Mandible- Facial 6. Maxilla- Facial 7. Nasal- Facial 8. Occipital- Cranium 9. Parietal- Cranium 10. Palatine- Facial 11. Sphenoid- Cranium 12. Temporal- Cranium 13. Vomer- Facial 14. Zygomatic- Facial

What is the function(s) of the styloid process?

Processes are long slender projections of bone to which tendons/muscles, ligaments, and other connective tissues attach. Therefore, the styloid process is a slender projection of bone from the inferior surface of the temporal bone which is the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments.

What is the function(s) of the foramen magnum?

A foramen is an opening/hole in a bone through which blood vessels and nerves pass. Therefore, the foramen magnum is a large opening in the occipital bone of the skull for the spinal cord to pass through into the vertebral canal.

Describe the location and function(s) of the occipital condyles

A condyle is a large, rounded articular prominence for joint formation. Therefore, the occipital condyles are located on the external, inferior surface of the occipital bone, lateral to the foramen magnum. They articulate with the first cervical vertebra to form the atlanto-occipital joint, a synovial condyloid/ellipsoid joint which flexes and extends, and right/left side-bends the head.