1.1.4 - Systems of the Body Flashcards
Skeletal System Components.
What is it split into and what is it made up of?
- Split into the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- Axial- Skull/cranium, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
- Appendicular- Upper and lower limbs
- Made up of Cartilage and Bone
- Cartilage- A connective tissue. Supports soft tissues, provides a smooth gliding surface for bone articulations at joints.
- Bone- Calcified, living, connective tissue. Provides support to the body, protects organs, acts as a lever on which muscles can act to produce movement, contains blood producing cells, and is a reservoir of calcium and phosphorous.
Skeletal System Functions
- Cartilage supports soft tissues, provides a smooth gliding surface for bone articulations at joints
- Bone provides support to the body, protects organs, acts as a lever on which muscles can act to produce movement, contains blood producing cells, and is a reservoir of calcium and phosphorous
Muscular System Components
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Skeletal Muscle- Most of the muscle tissue in the body.
- Striated and voluntary
- Function: Moves bones and other structures, provides support, and gives form to the body
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Cardiac Muscle- Found in the walls of the heart (myocardium) and in some large vessels close to where they join the heart
- Striated involuntary muscle
- Function: Moves blood through the heart and through blood vessels close to the heart
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Smooth Muscle- Found in the walls of blood vessels, in the eyeball, in walls of gastrointestinal/respiratory/genitourinary/urogenital systems, and is associated with hair follicles in the skin.
- Non-striated and involuntary
- Function: Involved in many housekeeping functions of the body, for example the smooth muscle in the walls of the intestines contract to push food through the body
Muscular System Functions
- Skeletal muscle moves bones and other structures, provides support, and gives form to the body
- Cardiac muscle moves blood through the heart and blood vessels near the heart
- Smooth muscle is involved in many housekeeping functions of the body. For example, smooth muscle in intestinal walls contracts to push food through the body
Cardiovascular System Components
- Heart- Pumps blood throughout the body
- Arteries- Transport blood away from the heart
- Veins- Transport blood towards the heart
- Capillaries- Tiny vessels connecting arteries and veins, enable exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes between the cardiovascular system and tissues
Cardiovascular System Functions
Enable transport of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body
- Heart pumps blood through the body
- Arteries transport blood away from the heart towards capillaries
- Veins transport blood from capillaries towards the heart
- Capillaries enable exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste between the cardiovascular system and tissues
Lymphatic System Components
- Consists of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes and lymphatic trunks and ducts
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Lymphatic Vessels-
- Collect and deliver fluids lost from vascular capillary beds during nutrient exchange back to the venous/vein side of the cardiovascular system
- Can also collect pathogens, cell products, and cell debris from the body
- Lymph Nodes- Act as filters within lymphatic vessels that trap and phagocytose particulate matter in the lymph, as well as detecting and defending against foreign antigens
- Lymphatic Trunks and Ducts- Lymph trunks are a collection of lymph vessels draining into one of two lymph ducts, the points at which the lymph empties into veins.
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Lymphatic Vessels-
Lymphatic System Functions
Lymphatic vessels collect fluids lost from vascular capillary beds during nutrient exchange, filter the fluid through lymph nodes to defend against foreign bodies and phagocytose particulate matter, then transport the fluids through lymphatic trunks and ducts into veins to re-join the cardiovascular system.
Digestive System Components
Salivary glands, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum
Digestive System Functions
Consists of salivary glands, pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and rectum
Digestion and absorption of food and water
Integumentary System Components
Skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands
Integumentary System Function
Consists of skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands.
Acts as a barrier to protect the body form the outside world, retains body fluids, protects against disease, eliminates waste products, and regulates body temperature
Nervous System Components
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Structural Components:
- Central nervous system (CNS)- Brain and spinal cord.
- Peripheral nervous system (PNS)- Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, visceral nerves and plexuses, and the enteric system. Responsible for connecting the CNS to the body.
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Functional Components:
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Somatic Part- (Soma is Greek for “body”)
- Innervates skin and most skeletal muscle and is involved in receiving and responding to information from the external environment
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Visceral- (Viscera is Greek for “guts”)
- Innervates organ systems within the body and other visceral elements such as smooth muscle and glands and is involved in receiving and responding to information from the internal environment.
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Somatic Part- (Soma is Greek for “body”)
Nervous System Functions
Sends signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to another.
- Somatic part of the nervous system innervates skin and most skeletal muscle and is involved in receiving and responding to information from the external environment.
- Visceral part of the nervous system innervates organ systems within the body and other visceral elements such as smooth muscle and glands and is involved in receiving and responding to information from the internal environment.
Endochrine System Components
Kidneys, ureters (duct from kidney to bladder), bladder, and urethra (duct from bladder to outside)
