3.2.1: The value and distribution of ecosystems

Question 1

Two things ecosystems provide

Answer 1

goods and services

Question 2

Examples of goods provided by ecosystems

3

Answer 2

timber from trees
medicines
nutrients from plants and animals

Question 3

Types of services provided by ecosystems

4

Answer 3

provisioning
regulating
cultural
supporting

Question 4

Provisioning services

5 examples

Answer 4

Food, fresh water, fuel, wood and fibre

Question 5

Regulating services

4 examples

Answer 5

Climate, flood, water, disease

Question 6

Cultural services

4 examples

Answer 6

aesthetic, spiritual, educational, recreational

Question 7

Supporting

3 examples

Answer 7

primary production, nutrient cycles, soil formation

Question 8

Short term exploitation leads to…

Answer 8

long term effects

Question 9

Four main constituents of well being people receive from ecosystem services?

Answer 9

security
basic material for good life
health
good social relations

Question 10

Security
3 components
(well being people receive from ecosystem services)

Answer 10

personal safety
secure resource access
security from disaster

Question 11

Basic material for good life
4 components
(well being people receive from ecosystem services)

Answer 11

Shelter
Access to goods
Adequate livelihoods
sufficient nutritious foods

Question 12

Health
3 components
(well being people receive from ecosystem services)

Answer 12

Strength
Feeling well
Access to clean air and water

Question 13

Good social relations
3 components
(well being people receive from ecosystem services)

Answer 13

Social cohesion
Mutual respect
Ability to help others

Question 14

Provisioning services

Answer 14

Direct products that ecosystems provide us

Question 15

Regulating services

Answer 15

Regulate eg: climate and CO2 levels

Question 16

Cultural services

Answer 16

eg: benefit to tribes or aesthetic purposes

Question 17

Supporting services

Answer 17

eg: form soil and huge role in the nutrient cycle

Question 18

World’s population in 2016

predicted population in 2050

Answer 18

7.4 billion, 2016

20 billion, 2050

Question 19

Possible future trend that affect ecosystems

Answer 19

population increase
agricultural productivity increases
inevitable ecosystem degradation as its replaced by farmland

Question 20

Mini ecosystem case study

Answer 20

The Achuar, Amazon, Ecuador/Peru border

Question 21

The Achuar, Amazon, description

Answer 21

Tribe of 6000 people who live sustainably in small communities along the Ecuador/Peru border.

Question 22

Sustainable ways the Achuar live

3

Answer 22

1. fish, by stunning them with plant derived non-polluting poison
2. hunt monkeys for food
3. Gather roots such as sweet potato

Question 23

The Achuars’ connection with the Amazon tropical rainforest

Answer 23

rich cultural folklore is embedded in the forest with which they have a powerful spiritual connection

Question 24

Threat/conflict to the Achuar

Answer 24

• oil discovered in the Amazon in 1964
• since then, violent conflicts have occurred in the fight or preservation or exploitation of the land
• water and land contamination has happened

Question 25

Biome

Answer 25

A large scale ecological area with plants and animals that are well adapted to their environmental conditions.

Question 26

Biomes are like?

Answer 26

a large-scale ecosystem

Question 27

Distribution of terrestrial biomes and linked to?

2

Answer 27

Across lines of latitude and linked to climate

Question 28

In lower latitudes…

Answer 28

temperatures are the highest

Question 29

In higher latitudes…

Answer 29

temperatures are the lowest

Question 30

Low pressure areas created how?

Answer 30

when air rises,

called low pressure because the weight of the air above Earth’s surface is lower than average

Question 31

Low pressure areas are associated with…

Answer 31

clouds and precipitation (rainfall)

Question 32

Low pressure clouds and precipitation

3 step process

Answer 32

1. as air rises, it cools, condenses and forms clouds
2. water droplets in the clouds increase in size
3. they eventually become too heavy to be held and fall as precipitation

Question 33

High pressure areas created how?

Answer 33

when air sinks,

called high pressure because the weight of the air is above average when it sinks to the Earth’s surface

Question 34

High pressure areas are associated with…

Answer 34

dry, warm and settled weather conditions

Question 35

Reason for high pressure weather conditions?

Answer 35

sinking air doesn’t result in precipitation