2.2.7: Global flows of shipping and sea cables

Question 1

Trade

Answer 1

Movement of goods and services from producers to consumers which spans many sectors of industry.

Question 2

BRIC group

Answer 2

Brazil, India, Russia, China

Question 3

What is 90% of the World’s trade carried by

Answer 3

sea

Question 4

Continent which is a huge hub of exports

Answer 4

Asia

Question 5

How did sea trade increase?

Answer 5

significant increase in size of ships

Question 6

Oil shipping accounts for what percentage of global maritime trade

Answer 6

30%

Question 7

What determines the size of oil tankers

Answer 7

the canals and chokepoints it passes through

Question 8

Country that is a major importer of oil and its effect

Answer 8

China, creates a huge demand for tankers

Question 9

Amount of oil transported and shipped depends on what

Answer 9

price of oil

Question 10

How is shipping regulated on the oceans

Answer 10

UNCLOS allows passage of ships through territorial waters

Question 11

Transnational organised crime flows

go to where?

Answer 11

use open oceans and territorial waters as their operational space

Question 12

Physical hazards to seafloor cables

4

Answer 12

abrasion
fish and shark attack
tectonic hazards
tsunamis and cyclones

Question 13

Human hazards to seafloor cables

2

Answer 13

sabotage

anchors and trawling

Question 14

When were the first seafloor cables laid?

and purpose

Answer 14

mid -1800s

capable of sending morse code

Question 15

Coaxial cables laid when

Answer 15

1950s

Question 16

Coaxial cables

Answer 16

capable of carrying telephone conversations

Question 17

1990s cable type introduced

Answer 17

fibre optic cables, capable of carrying huge amounts of digital data in the form of light

Question 18

Seafloor cables now

Answer 18

99% of all intercontinental data transmitted via seafloor cables

Question 19

Who used to lay and control cables

Answer 19

governments

Question 20

Who owns cables now

Answer 20

MNCs

such as Mircosoft and facebook

Question 21

Who protects fibre optic cables

Answer 21

UNCLOS

Question 22

How ICT such as seafloor data cables allowed for
economic globalisation
3 and explanations

Answer 22

• helped global expansion of MNCs by providing connectivity between offices, factories and outsourcing supplies
• media companies can use it for film productions to be sped up
• personal sale eg: ebay and amazon

Question 23

How ICT such as seafloor data cables allowed for
social globalisation
3

Answer 23

online education eg: MOOCs
social media
remote healthcare

Question 24

How ICT such as seafloor data cables allowed for
cultural globalisation
2

Answer 24

cultural traits conveyed by social media eg: facebook

online subcultures

Question 25

How ICT such as seafloor data cables allowed for
political globalisation
2

Answer 25

MGOs

raise awareness about issues

Question 26

MGO

Answer 26

multi-governmental organisations