2.2.9: Managing marine environments Flashcards
Global commons
4
oceans
atmosphere
outer space
Antarctica
Name for Earth’s oceans that are a shared space by all countries
high seas
Percentage of the oceans that are designated high seas
more than 60%
UNCLOS
united nations convention of the law of the seas
ABNJ
areas beyond national jurisdiction
Tragedy of the commons
Damage to a common resource by unsustainable use and over exploitation
New technology that has caused ocean fisheries and marine species to be at risk of over exploitation
3
longlining
sonar
factory ships
Two approaches in the protection of oceans and ecosystems
conservation, preservation
Conservation
management approach that allows efficient, non-wasteful and sustainable use of natural resources
Preservation
management approach that views nature as something best left apart from human commerce entirely
IWC
international whaling commission
Sustainable management of the oceans
3 reasons for
social
environmental
economic
Social reasons for sustainable management of the oceans
All individuals should enjoy a reasonable quality of life
Economic reasons for sustainable management of the oceans
Individuals and communities should have access to a reliable income overtime
Environmental reasons for sustainable management of the oceans
No lasting damage should be done to the environment, oceanic, terrestrial and atmospheric resources must be managed to guarantee continued use
UN FAO
UN food and agriculture organisation
UN food and agriculture organisation
Aims to ensure long term conservation and sustainable use of marine living resources in the deep sea to prevent significant adverse impacts
Global actions for sustainable use of oceans
2
UN food and agriculture organisation
world oceans day
International and national actions for sustainable use of oceans
2
set of rules by EU
question of brexit?
Local actions for sustainable use of oceans
1
no - take zones
Businesses actions for sustainable use of oceans
1
aquaculture grown rapidly since 1980s
Aquaculture
Fish farming
Aquaculture disadvantage
outbreak of disease an parasites can be caused
Citizens actions for sustainable use of oceans
3
individual shopping choices
campaigns
consumer choice
Causes of over-exploitation of fish
5
increasing population diet changes - global consumption of fish doubles increase in fishing fleets technological improvements limited rules in high seas
Consequences of over-exploitation of fish
3
In many LICs, fish is an affordable food
decline in fish stocks can result in unemployment
consumers have to accept alternatives such as hake
