3.2 Study Guide

Question 1

Ecological succession

Answer 1

The process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time.

Question 2

Primary succession

Answer 2

A period of time where a stone or rock covered area slowly turns into a biome.

Question 3

Secondary succession

Answer 3

A time after the primary succession that develops another biome again but with more biodiversity

Question 4

Pioneer species

Answer 4

A species that begins a process for other species to grow.

Question 5

Seral stages

Answer 5

Stages in between showing the growth of the biome and habitat

Question 6

Climax community

Answer 6

The end point of succession, where the habitat is fully formed.

Question 7

Species Richness

Answer 7

The amount of species you can see

Question 8

Species Evenness

Answer 8

How balanced the amount of species there are (quantity)

Question 9

Genetic Diversity

Answer 9

The sames species with different genetic spurts to prevent max extinction.

Question 10

Ecological Diversity

Answer 10

Having different habitats and biomes all over the world.

Question 11

Keystone species

Answer 11

A species that makes the habitat happen.

Question 12

Invasive Species

Answer 12

A species not native to a certain area

Question 13

Differences between primary and secondary succession

Answer 13

Primary succession has no previous soil while secondary has soil before the disaster.

Question 14

How keystone species and invasive species affect biodiversity

Answer 14

Keystone species can make the habitat, supporting biodiversity. Invasive species can kill off certain species, lowering biodiversity.

Question 15

Compare and contrast the biodiversity of two communities based on:
-Species richness (R) values
-Species evenness (E) values
-Shannon-Wiener Index (H) values

Answer 15

1. Forest community
   R- 12
   H- 2.52
   E-.98
2. Human subdivision
   R-5
   H-1.34
   E-.74

These two are different because habitat 1 has more species with a higher index number and near 1 evenness number. While 2 has only 5 species lower h, and a much lower evenness.

Question 16

Calculate the Shannon-Wiener Index value for a community

Answer 16

You first need to find R by finding how many species you have. Then you find their N values by adding up the amount there are of them. Then you divide n/N to get Pi. Then you use ln(pi). You then multiply pi and ln(pi) together to get piln(pi). You then all of those #’s up and divide by 1 to get you H. Then you take ln(R) and divde H/ln(R) to get E.

Question 17

Give examples of primary and secondary succession

Answer 17

Primary: Volcano explosion, melting glaciers

Secondary: Forest fire, Flooding of a creek