3.2 - Haiti Flashcards
Haiti
Bare earthquakes - natural disasters cost 120% of GDP
US upheld the demoracy and deployed 20,000 troops when it became under militray rule
IMF stabilisation in 2003 which was later monitored and assessed
$10 billion in donations
4 Types Of Aid
NGO
Bilateral
Emergency/Relief
Multilateral
NGO Aid
Small scale often seen as local and sustainable but relies on donations, and can only help a small number of people so may not narrow development gap
Bilateral Aid
One government to another, criticised for having strings attached and being politically motivated or given to friendly countries which could result in corruption.
Emergency Aid/Relief
Not to narrow any gaps but prevent a disaster, the smallest impact in aid giving? Is it sustainable?
Multilateral Aid
Grants, loans and structural adjustment e.g. WHO immunisation. Loans may lead to debt but can also lead to development. This aid is usually associated with big projects that are controversial but could narrow the gap
Disaster Response Curve
4 Stages
4 Stages
First - Modifying the cause of the event
Second - Hazardous event
Third - Search, rescue and care
Fourth - Relief and rehabilitation
Five - Nature of recovery –> reduce vulnerability ASAP
Impact Of Aid On Human Rights
Increased access to healthcare, eradication of poverty, primary education, gender equality and mitigating disease.
Why Aid?
During the Cold War tried to persuade countries to support ‘west’ or ‘east’, however it’s not about removing Islamic extremism or refugee migration
Why Does Success Of Aid Vary?
Due to wealth, conflict, governanec, location, trade opportunities, colonial legacy, and doesn’t always trickle down to those that need it the most
How Has Aid Changed Over Time
Previously it focused on loans, debt and repayment but now more about technical assistance, where donations havve fallen aid tends to be more specific e.g. refugees/
More humanitarian aid e.g. after disaster/civil war
Bottom funding is more common
