32: ecology I Flashcards
ecology
the study of interactions between organisms and the environment
macroclimate
global, regional, landscape
microclimate
very fine patterns, patterns organisms experience
what variations do microclimates have?
- temperature
- humidity
- light
biotic factors
anything living, vegetation, soil microorganisms
abiotic
topography, aspect
what are the two major selective pressures?
climate and competition
types of niches?
- fundamental niche
- realized niche
fundamental niche
the area a species can physically and physiologically survive
realized niche
the area within the fundamental niche that the species actually occupies
density
number per unit area
crude density
the # of individuals regardless of how habitable the area is
ecological density
how many individuals are in specific areas of the land
dispersion
can be clumped, uniform, random
2 population estimation techniques?
- density + dispersion
- mark + recapture
factors that influence population size?
disease, predation, parasites, competition, space, people
population ecology
studies the size and age compositions of populations and the environmental processes affecting them
a ______ is a graphic way of representing life expectancy
survivorship curve
3 types of survivorship curves?
- low death rates
- constant death rate
- high death rates
_______ growth cannot be sustained for long in any population, the model limits growth by incorporating carrying capacity
exponential
carrying capacity
the maximum population size the environment can support
