31: fungi & lichens Flashcards
which eukarya group do fungi belong to?
unikonta
where did fungi originate?
a single celled, aquatic flagellated protist
how do fungi obtain nutrients?
they’re heterotrophs, through absorption
3 lifestyles fungi could have?
- decomposers
- parasites
- mutualists that form symbiotic relationships
what is the most common body structure of multicellular fungus
multicellular filaments and single cells (yeasts)
mycelia
networks or branched hyphae that maximizes surface area for absorption
what do fungal cell walls contain?
chitin that is tough to break
difference between coenocytic fungi vs septate hypha?
coenocytic hypha lacks septa, when hyphae is divided into cells with pores that facilitate cell to cell movement
what type of hypha has more chitin?
septate hypha due to the extra cell dividers
which type of hyphae allows fungi to penetrate tissues from their host?
haustoria
what does mycorrhizal fungi deliver to plants?
phosphate ions and minerals
how does mycorrhizal fungi colonize soils?
the dispersal of spores
what do moulds produce?
haploid spores through mitosis
how do yeasts reproduce?
asexually, by cell division and pinching bud cells from the parent
which group of fungi produce sexual spores in structures called asci contained in fruiting bodies called asocarps?
ascomycetes
ascomycetes that invade and replace host tissue?
cordyceps
which fungal phyla include white button mushrooms, puffballs, and mycorrhizae?
basidiomycetes
what percent of fungal species are parasites/pathogens?
30%
practical uses of fungi?
cheeses. alcohol, antibiotics
why are lichens important?
they showcase symbiotic association, they are the first inhabitants on new rock and soil surfaces
millions of photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of ?
fungal hyphae
what occupies the inner layer below the lichen surface?
algae or cyanobacteria
