26: plant form and function III - shoot development Flashcards
shoot function (stem and leaves)
- photosynthesis
- transpiration
- transport
- reproduction
transpiration
loss of water through open stomata
nodes
where leaves attach
internodes
spaces in between nodes
axillary buds
small bud with a potential to form a lateral shoot or branch
apical bud
elongation of a young shoot
apical dominance helps maintain?
dormancy in most axillary buds
rhizome
horizontal shoot that grows just below the surface
stolon
horizontal shoots that grow along the surface, enable a plant to reproduce asexually
tubers
enlarged ends of stolons and rhizomes specialized for storing food (ex. potatoes)
which angiosperm has vascular bundles in a ring? which are scattered?
- dicot have vascular bundles in rings
- monocots have scattered vascular bundles
what are the 2 types of xylem water-conducting cells?
tracheids and vessel elements
which water conducting cell is common to most angiosperms and few gymnosperms?
vessel elements
pits
allow for water movement both ways
sieve plates
the porous end walls that allow fluid to flow between cells along sieve tube
each sieve tube element has a ____ whose nucleus and ribosomes serve both cells
companion cell
where is primary growth concentrated in the SAM?
the shoot tip
which plant hormones stimulate primary growth?
auxin and gibberellic acid
leaf functions other than photosynthesis?
- intercept light
- exchange gases
- dissipate heat
- defend plant from herbivores and pathogens
petiole
the stalk of a leaf
types of leaves
- simple leaf (one leaflet)
- compound leaf (blade is divided into multiple leaflets)
difference between a palmate leaf and pinnate leaf?
palmate leaflets connected to one central location while pinnate leaflets are attached to the petiole
leaf stomata
pores that allow CO2 and O2 exchange between the air and the photosynthetic cells
each stomatal pore is flanked with two ___ which regulate opening and closing
guard cells
