20: bryophytes

Question 1

closet ancestor to land plants?

Answer 1

green algae

Question 2

non vascular plants are made up of?

Answer 2

bryophytes (mosses)
- anthocerophyta (hornworts)
- hepatophytes (liverworts)

Question 3

what environments to mosses inhabit?

Answer 3

mostly wetlands, moist forests, sometimes extreme environments like:
- on buildings
- up north
- radioactive sites

Question 4

phytomediation

Answer 4

when plants are used to rebalance after environmental catastrophes

Question 5

peat moss

Answer 5

forms peat that compresses into coal

Question 6

sporophyte

Answer 6

multicellular diploid form of the plant body

Question 7

gametophyte

Answer 7

produces haploid gametes in plants

Question 8

sporangium

Answer 8

where meiosis occurs and haploid spores develop

Question 9

antheridia

Answer 9

where gametes develop in male structures of plants

Question 10

archegonia

Answer 10

where gametes develop in female structures of plants

Question 11

6 main traits of bryophytes

Answer 11

• gametophyte dominant
• no xylem/phloem
• not roots
• no leaves
• no cuticle
• sporophyte dependent on female gametophyte of nutrition

Question 12

life cycle: moss

Answer 12

spores are dispersed after meiosis where the buds turn into a male or female gametophyte that produce the antheridia (holds sperm), and archegonia (holds egg). water carries sperm to egg to fertilize in archegonium where zygote forms into the sporophyte that grows sporangium

Question 13

how are spores dispersed in moss from the sporangium?

Answer 13

wind dispersal

Question 14

rhizoids

Answer 14

anchor the body to a substrate and helps transfer nutrients

Question 15

thallus

Answer 15

a haploid body (algae, fungi, mosses) that lack stems, leaves, and roots

Question 16

what are bryophyte sporophytes made up of?

Answer 16

• foot
• seta
• sporangium

Question 17

foot

Answer 17

where the sporophyte receive nutrients from the female gametophyte

Question 18

seta

Answer 18

the elongated stalk that is used to disperse spores better

Question 19

which bryophyte sporophyte does NOT have stomata for gas exchange?

Answer 19

liverworts don’t! but mosses and hornworts do

Question 20

some characteristics of liverworts?

Answer 20

• leafy gametophytes
• have the smallest sporophytes
• male and female sex organs are on separate plants

Question 21

some characteristics of hornworts?

Answer 21

• found in damp and humid environments
• horizontal gametophytes with long tapered sporophytes
• does NOT have a seta only sporangium