3.2 DNA As The Genetic Material Flashcards
Griffith and Avery
Experiments on bacterial transformation showed that DNA is the biological basis for Mendel’s observations
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
Experiment with bacteriophages showed that DNA was the hereditary material.
Proteins labeled with radioactive sulfur were not passed on to the next generations but DNA labeled with radioactive phosphorous was passed on.
Chargaff’s rule
The amount of adenine is roughly equal to the amount of thymine and the amount of cytosine is about the same as the amount of guanine
Model of DNA developed by Watson, Crick and Franklin
- outer backbone that alternates between deoxyribose and phosphate groups
- double-helix is antiparallel
- two chains of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds between pairs of bases
- adenine is bonded with thymine and guanine is bonded with cytosine
Nucleosides
A nitrogenous base and the sugar without a phosphate
Helicase
Unzips double helix, separating into lagging and leading strand
Leading strand
Runs in the same direction as the original DNA and is replicated continuously
Lagging strand
Runs in opposite direction as original DNA and can’t replicate as easily
Okazaki fragments
Small groups of base pairs attached to a lagging strand during DNA replication
Mutation
DNA sequence with altered nucleotides
Central dogma
Explains how DNA instructions are translated into RNA that is used to produce proteins that are essential for cell function
mRNA
Messenger RNA
Directs the synthesis of a protein
Transcription
DNA transcribed to RNA
Translation
Transcribed RNA sequence is used to create proteins
Codon
Three letter sequence of DNA or RNA
