Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro To Biology > 2.2 Chemistry > Flashcards

2.2 Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chemistry

A

Study of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Matter

A

Composed of elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elements

A

Specific substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Number of elements, naturally occurring, unstable

A

118, 94, 24

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Unstable elements

A

Don’t exist for very long and some can only be produced in extreme conditions such as in nuclear reactions or in particle accelerators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Periodic table

A

First created by Dmitri Mendeleev. Includes important info about each of the elements and how they relate to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atom

A

Smallest component of an element that retains all of the chemical properties of that element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Nucleus (chemistry)

A

Central region of an atom containing protons and neutrons in all elements heavier than hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Protons

A

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom

Atoms have the same number of electrons and protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Neutrons

A

Particles with a mass but no charge found in the nucleus of all atoms heavier than hydrogen

The “glue” holding all of the protons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged particles scattered around the nucleus of an atom

Atoms have the same number of electrons and protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Valance electrons

A

Found on outer electron shell of an atom and important for chemical reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mass of an atom

A

Approximately equal to mass of protons and neutrons since electrons are about 1837 times smaller than protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Electric charge

A

Play a role in determining how electricity moves through a material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Orbitals

A

Regions around the nucleus where there is a high probability of finding electrons

Not necessarily circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Electron subshells

A

S – spherical

P – 3 dumbbell shaped

D – 5 more complex

F - 7 more complex

18
Q

First electron shell

A

1 s-orbital that can hold 2 electrons

19
Q

Second electron shell

A

1 s-orbital and 3 p-orbitals, each hold 2 electrons for a total of 8 electrons

20
Q

Significance of row on periodic table

A

The row an element is placed indicates how many electron shells it contains

21
Q

Inert elements

A

Don’t react with other elements because they have full outer shell

22
Q

Compound

A

Different physical and chemical properties than the elements from which it’s made

23
Q

Isotopes

A

Elements that have same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons

Chemically identical but many have different stabilities

Some are radioactive

24
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transfer of electrons between two atoms that creates a negative ion and positive ion with full outer shells.

25
Q

Ion

A

Atom with a charge

26
Q

Anion

A

Ion with negative charge

27
Q

Cation

A

Ion with a positive charge

28
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Elements share electrons to achieve a full outer shell (rather than gaining/losing electrons)

Single, double, or triple

29
Q

Molecules

A

Resulting product of a covalent bond

Smallest unit of a compound that had the same properties as the compound but not always a compound

Don’t have to contain more than one element

30
Q

Compound

A

Result of bond between at least two different elements

31
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Covalently bonded atoms that share electrons nearly equally

32
Q

Polar covalent bonds

A

Covalently bonded atoms that share electrons unequally due to a difference in electronegativity or charge

33
Q

Acid

A

Increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution (low pH)

34
Q

Base

A

Provides hydroxide ions or other negatively charged ions that combine with hydrogen ions (high pH)

35
Q

pH

A

-log[H+]
A pH difference of 1 indicates a 10x difference in hydrogen ions

Indicates acidity or alkalinity

<7 acidic
7 neutral
>7 basic (alkaline)

36
Q

Octet

A

Full outer orbital

37
Q

Dipole

A

Created when a molecule has regions of charge that are separated

38
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Form between the partial positive charge on the hydrogen of one water molecule and the partial negative charge on the oxygen of another water molecule

39
Q

Dipole

A

Separated regions of charge on a molecule

40
Q

Universal solvent

A

Water, ions of an ionic molecule are more attracted to the water than to each other so they break apart and dissolve

41
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction of a molecule to itself

42
Q

Adhesion

A

A molecule’s attraction to other substances

Intro To Biology (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions