3.2 - Atypical Language Development Flashcards
Does correction seem to have any effect on language correctness?
No
Learnability
Is something capable of being learned
Who and what did Zwicky study?
His daughter’s use of past participles
What is Atypical Language Development?
A language is the impairment or deviant development of comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or symbol system.
Dr. Ingram doesn’t want us to know this He finds that definitions don’t really tell us much of anything other than the fact that there’s some problem with language development
What do we mean we we say language development is Impaired
There is a delay
The child cannot do something they should be able to do
What do we mean we we say language development is Deviant?
There is a larger problem with language
Disordered
Atypical patterns
Language impairment involve (1) the ______, (2) the ______ and/or (3) the ______ in communication.
Form of language
Content of language
Function of language in communication
What is the form of language?
Phonology
Morphology
Syntax
What is the content of language?
Semantics
What is the function of language?
Pragmatics
What is Typology?
Atypical language development may occur in a wide range of contexts
Does each type of atypical language development needs to be studied individually?
Yes
What is the cause of atypical language development?
Dysfunction of the brain centers for language and cognition
What are the Phonological Etiologies of atypical language development?
Fluency
Voice
Cleft palate
Dysarthria
Developmental phonology
What is Fluency?
Rate & Rhythm
What is Voice?
Larynx
What can be caused by cleft palate?
Hypernasality
What is Dysarthria?
Problems with the execution of speech
What is developmental phonology?
How kids learn their phonology normally and what happens when they don’t
What debate surrounds issues of Fluency?
Is it a Motor Problem or a Language Problem?
What is transitional dysfluency?
Kids lose fluency for a small period of time then it comes back
Can occur during a period of rapid grammatical development.
There’s just too much going on. This creates a processing bottleneck.
When does transitional dysfluency tend to occur?
Around 3;0
How does Dysfluency occur in Bilingualism?
May occur in one language but not the other
What kind of errors may occur in dysfluency?
4
Sound or syllable repetitions
Whole word repetitions
Sound prolongations
Pauses
What sort of dysfluency is seen in a bilingual’s less dominant language?
Pauses (buying time)
What sort of dysfluency is seen in a bilingual’s dominant language
Repetitions (trying to get it out)
What is Gross inclusion?
Errors are made across many phonemes
Example: /t/ is used for all fricatives
What are Unique sounds?
Nasal snort
Lateral fricatives
Ingressive /s/
Etc.
Ingressive /s/ an probably an ______.
Iatrogenic effect
Was probably a result of language therapy
What is an iatrogenic effect?
A negative impact of a medical treatment
Usually comes from making the kid make something they are not ready to make
Someone with Prosodic Difficulties will most likely have issues with ______.
Stress & Timing
In English, word stress is typically a ______ syllable followed by a ______ syllable.
Strong
Weak
In English, sentence stress is usually a ______ syllable followed by a ______ one.
Weak
Strong
In Dr Ingram’s example of the woman with epilepsy, she was using ______ stress at the ______.
Word
Sentence level
What are five atypical language etiologies?
Specific Language Impairment
Mental Retardation
Autism
Acquired Brain Injury
Hearing Impairment
What are Specific Language Impairment?
Hearing within normal limits
No organic abnormalities
Cognition within normal limits
The impairment is specific to language
Who coined the term “Specific Language Impairment”?
Larry Leonard
What did Judith Johnston show?
That kids with SLI do perform worse on other kids on cognitive tasks but it’s not bad enough to be noticed
What’s the difference between Delay vs. Impairment?
Delay = late talkers
Impairment = language is unlike that of other younger, typical children
Do children with SLI show excessive use of single word utterances?
Yes
Do children with SLI show greater omission of verb inflections (Past tense {-ed}, Present tense {-s})?
Yes
Do children with SLI show less complex verb phrases?
Yes
Basically, for children with SLI, language is more ______.
Simplified
How does Mental Retardation affect language?
Their language difficulties are greater than language matched typical children
Do children with Mental Retardation show shorter, less complex sentences?
Yes
Do children with Mental Retardation show restricted word meanings?
Yes
Do children with Mental Retardation show slow vocabulary growth?
Yes
Do children with Mental Retardation show articulation problems?
Yes
Does Autism tend to produce severe language impairment?
Yes
Do children with Autism commonly invert pronouns (I = you)?
Yes
Do children with Autism commonly exhibit concrete speech?
Yes
Do children with Autism commonly produce atypical descriptions?
Yes
Does Autism commonly exhibit a wide range of possible manifestations?
Yes
Do children with Cochlear Implants have problems with problems with fricatives and non-visible sounds?
Yes
Do children with Cochlear Implants often exhibit low intelligibility?
Yes
Do children with Cochlear Implants often show a high success rate in sound production but with low intelligibility?
Yes
Are normally hearing kids more accurate on final fricatives or initial fricatives?
Final Fricatives
Are CI kids more accurate on final fricatives or initial fricatives?
Initial Fricatives
