3.-1 - Grammatical Development Flashcards
How many verbs did Dr. Ingram look at in his Past Particple Study?
300 of the most frequent verbs
Does sentence development continue to develop after Brown’s stages?
Yes
Kids MLUs continue to expand for years upon years
____% of the most frequent English verbs do not have a past participle
75%
When verbs end in -en (taken, broken, etc.), do the past and past participle match?
No
Taken (present) -> Took
Broken (past) -> Broke
Done (unique) -> Did
What is the new English Verb Shift?
Perfect (“have ate”) with the Passive (“Was eaten”)
When are past participles acquired?
Between 6 and 10 - especially {-en}
What are Syntactical Rules?
Rules that combine words into sentencees
S -> NP + VP
NP -> Art + (Adj) + N
VP -> V + (NP)
What are Morphological Rules?
Rules that form words
N + plural or possisive
How long does Grammatical Development take?
Many, many years
What are the five stages of Grammatical Development?
Holophrases
Two word utterance
Telegraphoic sentences
Simple sentetence (Sentences have verbs)
Complex sentences
When can we say that children has syntax?
Still being debated
What is Grammatical Knowledge?
Word order
“fish eat” vs. “eat fish”
Does English has strict word order?
Yes
What are Phrases?
Noun Phrase
Verb Phrase
Can we know if a child is using phrases before they start using articles?
No
What are Grammatical Relations?
Subject, Verb, Object (“Dog eat bone”)
Is it hard to tell to use semantics to tell how a child is using phrases?
Yes
“Dog open door” vs. “Key open door” vs. “Wind open door”
Does the addition of “is…-ing” lets us know that the child has syntactic rules?
Yes
Is there evidence that children have some knowledge of grammar in single word phrases (holophrases)?
(2)
No. They only produce one word at a time.
Yes. Evidence exists in comprehension studies.
What was the first Comprehension Task given to see if children in the single word phase have some semblance of grammar?
Children were asked to follow 3 kinds of commands
- Noun only ("Ball")
- Telegraphic ("Throw Ball")
- Well formed ("Throw me the ball")
What were the results from the first Single Word Comprehension Task?
Children prefer well formed commands
What was the second Comprehension Task given to see if children in the single word phase have some semblance of grammar?
Children were given novel commands
- Verbs (Smell, Kiss) - Nouns (Truck, Doll)
“Smell truck”
What were the results from the second Single Word Comprehension Task?
Kids could follow these novel combinations
Children around _____ show evidence of understanding word combinations.
1;6
What are the two first grammatical combos that children seem to understand and say?
Verb+ Object (“Throw ball”)
Possessor + Possessed (“Daddy sock”, “Mommy sock”)
What are some of the range of functional meanings that might be seen in Holophrastic Productions?
Commands
Requests
Comments
What are some of the range of contexual meanings that might be seen in Holophrastic Productions?
Actors
Objects
Locations
Does the contextual meaning of holophrastic phrases probably start out narrow and then broaden?
Yes
Do two individual words that are strung together (“mommy” “sock”) eventually blend into a two word utterance (“mommy sock”)?
Yes
Bloom Example:
What did Allison want?
Allison: “up”
Mother: “What?”
Allison: “neck”
“up”
Mother: “neck? What do you want?”
Allison: “neck”
“zip”
Her mother to zip up her coat
Before children produce word combinations, do they show comprehension of some two-word combinations?
Yes
Before children produce word combinations, do they produce sequences of single-word utterances about a single event?
Yes
Say that at age 1;0 you get first words and at 1;6 you get two word uttereances. The inbetween time is considered to be the ______.
Does Dr. Ingram think this is a single stage?
Single/word holographic stage
Dr. Ingrams doesn’t think this is a single stage but that there is a lot of stuff going on, that it’s a progression of skill.
Sequences of single-word utterances probably happen towards the end of the holographic period. Maybe around ______.
1;4
1;0 = "cat" 1;4 = "cat" "see" 1;6 = "see cat" 1;8 = "Mommy" "see cat"
As children are learning to string words together, might they have some awareness that words combine to form sentences (richer interpretation)?
Yes
Are Early Word Combinations syntactic or semantic?
Syntactic
A child usually has their first word combinations around ______.
1;6
Do early word combinations develop quickly or slowly?
Slowly
