1-0 - Language Development Studies on Dr. Ingram's Offspring

Question 0

What is a diary study?

Answer 0

When a parent or caretaker writes down everything child says that is new, novel, or interesting

Question 1

When was the oldest known diary study?

Answer 1

16th century

Question 2

What is the name of Dr. Ingram’s oldest daughter?

Answer 2

Jennika

Question 3

How did Dr. Ingram study Jennika’s speech

Answer 3

He kept a diary writing down each word + transcription

Question 4

How did Dr. Ingram organize all of Jennika’s information?

Answer 4

He first made a large alphabetical sheet with pen and paper

Later, he made a more elaborate sheet to separate new words from old words and old pronunciations from new ones

Question 5

What intrigued Dr. Ingram about Jennika’s lexicon?

Answer 5

Her use of homonyms

“Beer” and “bear” were pronounced the same

Question 6

What are homonyms?

Answer 6

Two different words pronounced the same way

Question 7

During what age span did Dr. Ingram collect data on Jennika?

Answer 7

1 year 3 months to 2 years 3 months

Question 8

What article did Dr. Ingram write about Jennika’s data?

Answer 8

“On Children’s Homonyms”

Question 9

What was the point of “On Children’s Homonyms”?

Answer 9

It was a disagreement with the idea that children use more and more homonyms as their language progresses

Dr. Ingram hypothesized that this would render the child less and less intelligible

Question 10

One child in “On Children’s Homonyms” did not advance in articulation skill and increased their homonym use. What was the most likely reason for this?

Answer 10

Articulation issues

Question 11

What was the name of the child whose homonym use grew in “On Children’s Homonyms”?

Answer 11

Hildegard

Question 12

What were the names of the three children in “On Children’s Homonyms”?

Answer 12

Philip

Jennika

Hildegard

Question 13

How did the two children’s (not Hildegard) language progress in “On Children’s Homonyms”?

Answer 13

Their homonym use dropped off as their speech became more advanced

Question 14

What is the name of Dr. Ingram’s older son?

Answer 14

Daniel

Question 15

How did Dr. Ingram study Daniel’s language development?

Answer 15

Bought a tape recorder and recorded him every 2 weeks for 30 minutes

Question 16

During what age range did Dr. Ingram study Daniel’s language development?

Answer 16

1 year 6 months to age 3

Question 17

What was the benefit to recording Daniel’s speech on a regular basis versus the diary approach used with Jennika?

Answer 17

It more systematic - or a longitudinal study

Question 18

What is a weakness of diary studies?

Answer 18

You only write down what appears interesting

Question 19

How long did it take to transcribe each of Daniel’s recordings?

Answer 19

3-12 hours depending on the detail being used

Question 20

How were the transcripts written in the Daniel study?

Answer 20

First transcriptions were written by hand

Later transcripts were typed

Transcripts were run through a computer program to perform analysis

Question 21

What article was written using the information gathered from Daniel?

Answer 21

“Transition From Early Symbols to Syntax”

Question 22

What was the focus of “Transition From Early Symbols to Syntax”?

Answer 22

The emergence of first words

Question 23

What are the names of Dr. Ingram’s younger children?

Answer 23

Samuel & Rachel

Question 24

How did Dr. Ingram study the language development of Samuel & Rebecca?

Answer 24

Recorded 1st 100 words

But only words that both he and his wife were totally clear on

Question 25

What was Dr. Ingram trying to prove in the study of Samuel & Rebecca?

Answer 25

That the Frame Content Theory was wrong

Question 26

How easy was it to publish the Samuel & Rebecca paper?

Answer 26

Hard!

Most in the speech language supported the theory the paper was attacking so paper was rejected

Question 27

How many years did it take to publish the Samuel & Rebecca paper?

Answer 27

5 years

Question 28

When was the Samuel & Rebecca paper published?

Answer 28

2013

Question 29

Who published the Samuel & Rebecca paper?

Answer 29

A former grad student

Question 30

Did Dr. Ingram perform the Samuel/Rebecca study alone?

Answer 30

No, he partnered with his wife

Question 31

What is the Frame Content Theory?

Answer 31

That infants learn their first words by focusing on the easiest CV combinations and work their way outward to more difficult combinations

Question 32

What is the central unit of speech production?

Answer 32

CV (Consonant Vowel)

Question 33

Speech is combination of ______ and ______.

Answer 33

Consonants

Vowels

Question 34

What are the easiest CV combinations using /b/, /d/, /g/, /i/, /a/, & /u/?

Answer 34

/ba/

/di/

/gu/

Question 35

What do /ba/, /di/, & /gu/ have to to with Frame Content Theory?

Answer 35

FCT says that when babies start forming words, they will show a preference for these three syllables

Question 36

What did Dr. Ingram see with /ba/, /di/, /gu/?

Answer 36

That these are often seen in babbling but that the consonant was often paired with other vowels in first words

These three are simplier but it doesn’t stop a baby from using the other combinations

Question 37

What is the difference between token frequency and type frequency?

Answer 37

Token frequency = how many times words were said or the total number of words uttered (so “cat”, “cat”, “cat”, dog = 4 words)

Type frequency = how many unique words were uttered (so “cat”, “cat”, “cat”, dog = 2 words)

Question 38

Does Dr. Ingram see language as being driven by the simplicity of pronunciation?

Answer 38

No. He sees it as being driven on how many words can be made