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Question 1

Acetal

Answer 1

OR OR R R

Question 2

hemiacetal

Answer 2

OH OR R R

Question 3

-yl (draw the substituents out)

Answer 3

methyl 
ethyl
propyl
isopropyl
butyl
sec-butyl
tert-butyl

Question 4

amide

Answer 4

DO - has the oxygen

Question 5

more stable = less energy

Answer 5

carbocation tertiary is than primary

Question 6

Nucleophile - nucleus seeing - it is electron rich - usually negative

Answer 6

1. Increases with negative charge
2. Increases going DOWN a group (more polarizable = more nucleophilic)
3. Increases going left on a period (Inverse relationship with electronegativity; electronegativity is how well an atom absorbs its negative charge)

Question 7

leaving groups

Answer 7

weak bases (I-, Br-, Cl-) are good leaving groups

stabilized negative charge

strong bases (-OH, RO-, NH2-) are good electron donors, but can’t stabilize their negative charge, so are poor leaving groups

ACID CATALYSIS (protonating the oxygen) makes strong bases better leaving groups

Question 8

1,2 ethandiol has most stable at Gauche because of hydrogen bond

Answer 8

syn = sin = bad = ecclipsed at the worst

Question 9

constitutional isomer = atoms connected differently

Answer 9

pentane, isopentane, neopentane

Question 10

stereoisomerism = spatial arrangement = mirror test

Answer 10

chiral centers 2^(chiral centers) = possible stereoisomers

Question 11

absolute configuration

Answer 11

DOUBLE BOND is 2 of the same bonds

Question 12

enantiomers carry many of the same properties

Answer 12

MIRROR IMAGE OF EACH OTHER

Question 13

2 chiral centers

Answer 13

R, R and S, S are mirror images, hence enantiomers

S, S and R, S are non-superimposable, but not mirror images = diastereomers