32 Flashcards
In 1851, Hong Xiuquan proclaimed his own dynasty, the Taiping tianguo, which meant
Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace
The leader of the Taiping rebellion was
Hong Xiuquan.
The most significant territorial loss for the Ottomans was
Egypt
Muhammad Ali was
the Egyptian leader who overthrew Ottoman control.
The capitulations were unfair trading agreements between the western Europeans and the
Ottomans
NOT true about the capitulations?
They were imposed on the Europeans by the Ottomans.
In the early nineteenth century, the Ottoman sultan Selim III
was locked up by the Janissaries because they considered his reforms a threat
What was the name of the sultan who, in 1826, had mutinous Janissaries slaughtered and thus opened the door for further reform within the Ottoman empire?
Mahmud 2
Which of the following is NOT a reform proposed in the Tanzimat era?
democracy as the governmental model for the empire
The Young Ottomans were
fiercely opposed to the Tanzimat reforms.
Sultan Abdül Hamid II
ruled despotically but also followed Tanzimat principles
NOT one of the leading principles of the Young Turks?
Islam as the guiding principle in public life
Young Turk proposals caused the most dissension in the empire?
Turkish as the official language of the empire
The stipulation, “In order to obtain for Ottoman citizens an education of a homogeneous and uniform character, the official schools will be open, their instruction will be free, and all nationalities will be admitted,” is from what document?
The proclamation of young turks
What began the social reform movement in Russia in the nineteenth century?
Military defeats
A defeat in the Crimean War stopped expansion by the
Russians
key to social reform in Russia was
Emancipation of serfs
The Russian serfs were emancipated by
Alexander 2
The emancipation of the Russian serfs
resulted in little if any increase in agricultural production.
As part of the Russian reforms, during the reign of Alexander II the government created zemstvos,
Which were
which were elected district assemblies.
The prime mover behind Russian industrialization was
Sergei Witte.
The centerpiece of Sergei Witte’s Russian industrial policy was
a massive program of railway construction.
The working conditions of the growing Russian industrial class in St. Petersburg and Moscow
were terrible and left the workers receptive to revolutionary propaganda.
Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881 by
an agent of the Land and Freedom Party.
After the assassination of Alexander II, his successor Nicholas II
championed oppression and police control.
The decisive factor in the Russo-Japanese War was the
destruction of the majority of the Russian navy in battle with the Japanese.
The 1905 Bloody Sunday massacre eventually
led to the establishment of the Duma in Russia.
Lin Zexu was
in charge of stopping the opium trade in China.
The decisive point in the Opium War was
the British threat to the Grand Canal
The Opium War ended with the signing of the Treaty of
Nanjing
Who wrote, “As months accumulate and years pass by, the poison they have produced increases in its wicked intensity, and its repugnant odor reaches as high as the sky”?
Lin Zexu
NOT a rebellion that threatened China in the nineteenth century?
Mongol
NOT one of the principles of the Taiping rebellion?
Hong Xuiquan’s belief that he was the reincarnation of the Buddha
The Self-Strengthening Movement was an attempt to blend indigenous cultural traditions with western technology in
China
For most of the last fifty years of the Qing dynasty, China was ruled by
Cixi
By the end of the nineteenth century, the only thing keeping China from being completely divided up into spheres of influence by foreigners was
distrust among the foreign powers.
Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao were the leaders of the
Hundred Days reforms.
In 1900, foreign embassies in China were besieged by
the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists.
Japan was forcibly opened to foreign trade in 1853 by the
Americans
Meiji reformers actively copied the western Europeans and Americans because
they understood the danger of those two groups and wanted to find a way to avoid commercial and/or imperial domination by either one.
Which leader played a major role in the Meiji restoration?
Ito Hirobumi
NOT one of the foundations of the Meiji restoration?
turning Japan into a constitutional republic
The event that best displayed Japan’s rise to the level of a world power was their victory in the
Russo-Japanese War
T/F: The Russo-Japanese war began with a Russian surprise attack on a Japanese naval squadron in February 1904
FALSE backwards
