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Fall 2015 Nursing School > 319 Final > Flashcards

319 Final Flashcards

1
Q

WBC too high (7)

A 
Infection, bacterial 
Inflammation 
Tissue death 
Allergies 
Asthma 
Intense exercise 
Leukemia
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2
Q

WBC too low (4)

A

Severe infection
Sepsis
Bone marrow issues
Autoimmune diseases

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3
Q

Nutophils too high/low

A

Same indications as general WBC count

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4
Q

Bands, aka…

A

Immature neutrophils

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5
Q

Are low bands/immature neutrophils a problem?

A

No

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6
Q

High Bands (3)

A

Acute infection
“a shift to the left “
Acute inflammation

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7
Q

Low Lymphocytes (4)

A

Autoimmune disease

Immunosuppression

Bone marrow damage

Corticosteroids

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8
Q

High lymphocytes (5)

A

Viral infection

Sometimes bacterial infection

Toxoplasmosis

Chronic inflammation

Some leukemias

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9
Q

Low monocytes (2)

A

Immunosuppression

Bone marrow failure

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10
Q

High monocytes (3)

A

Chronic infection

Autoimmune

Some leukemias

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11
Q

Eosinophils are only a concern when levels are

A

High

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12
Q

High Eosinophils (4)

A

Parasitic infections

Allergies

Asthma

Inflammatory disorders

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13
Q

Basophils matter when they are high because (1)

A

Acute allergic reaction

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14
Q

If RBC, hmc, hemoglobin are too high (1)

A

Polycythemia

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15
Q

If RBC, hmc, hemoglobin are too low (4)

A

Blood loss

Underproduction from bone marrow

Early elimination of RBCs

Destruction of RBCs

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16
Q

What is the MCV test for?

A

Size of RBC

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17
Q

Low MCV and MCH indicates (1)

A

Microcytic RBC

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18
Q

Microcytic RBCs indicate (2)

A

Iron deficiency

Lead poisoning

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19
Q

High MCV and MCH is called

A

Macrocytic RBC

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20
Q

Macrocytic RBC indicates

A

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Aplastic anemia

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21
Q

MCH test measures

A

Weight of RBC

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22
Q

Normal serum osmolarity

A

275-295 mOsm/kg

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23
Q

Three tests that help determine osmolarity

A

Sodium

BUN

Glucose

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24
Q

Low specific gravity means the urine is

A

Dilute

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25
Q

Normal sodium range

A

135-145 mEq/L

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26
Q

Normal potassium range

A

3.5-5 mEq/L

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27
Q

Normal magnesium range

A

1.8-2.5 mEq/L

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28
Q

Normal calcium range

A

8.5-10.5 mg/dl

29
Q

Normal phosphorus range

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dl

30
Q

With the elderly, infection typically shows less

A

Fever

31
Q

What indicates infection in the elderly? (3)

A

Confusion

Falls

Incontinence

32
Q

The elderly have decreased pain and temperature sensation, but their actual body is more sensitive to

A

Heat and cold

33
Q

Signs of breathing problems (4)

A

Restlessness

Altered Mental Status

Increased respiratory rate

Increased work of breathing

34
Q

For reflux or hiatal hernia,

A

Elevate the head of the bed

35
Q

The Join Commission (TJC) has policies about documenting

A

Violence

36
Q

It is mandatory to report abuse of (2)

A

Elders

Children

37
Q

Violence Documentation must have (5)

A

Date and time
Patient narrative including name of abuser
History of previous abuse
Description of physical injuries
Providers assessment/recommendations/referrals

38
Q

Nursing assessment for violence (5)

A

Any “yes” answers

How recent?

How serious?

Injuries sustained

Denial or minimization

39
Q

Physical Exam (3)

A

Head to toe INSPECTION

Identify injuries

Genital exam for report of sexual abuse

40
Q

Photographing injuries complements documentation but requires

A

Verbal and written consent

41
Q

For photography…(6)

A

Photo that identifies pt

Medium range photo that gives location

Close up for detail

Ruler

Date time initial

Chain of custody

42
Q

Tear-like wound

A

Laceration

43
Q

Small red or purple dots caused by minor hemorrhage

A

Petechiae

44
Q

Deeper than it is wide

A

Stab wound

45
Q

Normally, breast development begins between

A

10-11 years old

46
Q

What 2 groups begin breast development earlier?

A

African American

Obese

47
Q

Range of time for woman to reach full sexual development

A

1.5-6 years

48
Q

After menopause ovarian secretion of estrogen and progesterone decreases causing

A

Breast glandular tissue to atrophy

49
Q

When the breast glandular tissue atrophies it is replaced by

A

Fibrous connective tissue

50
Q

The breast also lose adipose tissue beginning in

A

Middle years

51
Q

The atrophy of the breast make the inner structures more

A

Palpable

52
Q

Breasts during pregnancy (3)

A

Enlargement

Darker nipple and areola

Colostrum

53
Q

During pregnancy, when does colostrum form?

A

After 12 weeks

54
Q

When does lactation begin?

A

3 days postpartum

55
Q

Breast engorgement occurs during

A

Lactation

56
Q

Breast inspection (6)

A

Lump

Skin changes

Pulled in nipple

Redness/rash

Dimpling

Dripping

57
Q

BSE should be done…

A

4-10 days after the start of menses

58
Q

How often should BSE be performed by postmenopausal women?

A

Monthly

59
Q

Infant males may produce

A

Witch’s milk

60
Q

Gynecomastia is normal in male

A

Adolescents

61
Q

Lymphatics of the breasts (8)

A 
Supraclavicular
Infraclavicular
Interpectoral
Parasternal
Lateral
Central
Subscapular
Pectoral
62
Q

Testes descend during

A

3rd trimester or early postnatal

63
Q

Testes enlarge between ages

A

9.5-13.5

64
Q

Male sexual maturity by age

A

17.5

65
Q

Although erectile function declines with age,

A

Desire is usually still present

66
Q

Male inspection (4)

A

Hair distribution

Penis

Scrotum

Inguinal hernia

67
Q

Male palpation (4)

A

Penile shaft

Herniation

teste tenderness, nodules, and texture of skin

Palpate anal sphincter for tone

68
Q

Warning signs of testicular cancer (5)

A

Lump

Feeling of heaviness

Enlargement

Change in testical feel to touch

Sudden fluid/blood accumulation in scrotum

69
Q

Testicular lumps are (3)

A

Small, pea sized

Hard

Painless

Fall 2015 Nursing School (17 decks)

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