317 Midterm Flashcards
Name the three perspectives of aging
Biological age
Sociological age
Psychological age
Biological age
Measures of anatomical and physiological changes that reduce functional capacities and physiological reserves
Sociological age
Focuses on the roles and behaviors of people in response to the society of which they are part
Psychological age
Refers to the behavior of people as they adapt to changing environmental demands
Gene regulation theory
Aging is caused by changes in the expression of genes
Emphasis upon role of genetics in longevity
Often applied to centenarians
Cross-linkage theory
With age chemical reactions bind together molecules that should be separated, increasing rigidity and instability of cells
Explanation for aging of connective tissue and collagen
Decreased elasticity and cataracts via protein linkage in lens
Senescence
Progressive deterioration that causes an increase in vulnerability to challenges and decreasing ability to survive.
Free radical theory
Free radicals interfere with cell function
Contributed via smoking and obesity
What provides defense against free radicals?
Antioxidants like vitamin C and vitamin E
Apoptosis theory
Regulated cell death
Triggered by DNA damage, oxidative stress, and anoxia, and ultraviolet radiation
Possible explanation for loss of lymphocytes/neurodegenerative diseases
Inhibited apoptosis may…
Explain increased malignancies
Wear and Tear theory
Obsolete with the exception of osteoarthritis
System-based theories claim that
The aging process is due to the decline of organ systems involved in regulation and adaptability.
Name the 2 system-based theories
Neuroendocrine Theory
Immune Theory
Neuroendocrine theory
With aging, endocrine system fails to regulate organs
Immunity Theory
Decreased immunity results in aging
Immunosenescense, the aging immune system, is characterized by decreased resistance to infection and…
Failure to recognize self (autoimmune disorders)
What age related diseases would immunity research focus on…
Alzheimer’s Disease
Osteoarthritis
CV disease
Name 4 Psychological Theories
Maslow Human Needs Theory
Erikson psychosocial development
Havingurst later development
Continuity Theory
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/belonging
Physiological
Erikson Theory of Psychosocial Development
8 stages of life
At each stage, prior stage revised
Ego integrity vs. despair is associated with Which theory
Erikson Theory of Psychosocial Development
What is the psychosocial strength of the elderly?
Wisdom
Havighurst list of 6 developemental tasks of later maturity
- Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
- Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
- Establishing satisfactory living quarters
- Adjusting to death of spouse
- Establishing relations with ones own age group
- Meeting social and civic obligations
Sociological Theories (4)
Disengagement Theory
Activity Theory
Person-Environment Fit Theory
Functional Consequences Theory
Disengagement Theory
Reclusive to achieve contentment
Active Theory
Age successfully via remaining active
Self concept is affirmed through societal roles
Person-environment Fit summary
Personal competence is present when the capabilities of the individual match the environmental demands
Functional consequences theory
Observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age related changes that influence quality of life.
Health
State of complete physical mental and social wellbeing not merely absence of disease and infirmity.
Wellness
Attitude toward state of being
Interventions that promote function at the highest level despite age related changes.
Dimensions of Wellness
Self responsibility
Nutritional Awareness
Physical Fitness
Stress Management
Environmental Sensitivity
Health Promotion
Programs/interventions to improve health via behavior changes
Immunizations for Elderly
Influenza
Pneumovac
Tetanus-diphtheria
Shingles
Individualizing patient goals is critical to…
Health Promotion
Presbyopia
Age related farsightedness
Presbyopia occurs between…
40-50
Presbyopia impairs accommodation because…
Lens and dilation issues
Most common Eye disorder
Cataracts
What happens in cataracts
Lens becomes opaque
Leading cause of blindness in older adults
Macular degeneration
Wet AMD =
Abnormal blood vessels
Second leading cause of blindness
Glaucoma
Which type of glaucoma is a medical emergency?
Acute angle closure glaucoma
Associated with peripheral vision loss
Glaucoma
People with glaucoma should avoid drugs with
Anti-cholinergic properties.
Presbycusis
Age related hearing degeneration.
