317 Midterm

Question 1

Name the three perspectives of aging

Answer 1

Biological age

Sociological age

Psychological age

Question 2

Biological age

Answer 2

Measures of anatomical and physiological changes that reduce functional capacities and physiological reserves

Question 3

Sociological age

Answer 3

Focuses on the roles and behaviors of people in response to the society of which they are part

Question 4

Psychological age

Answer 4

Refers to the behavior of people as they adapt to changing environmental demands

Question 5

Gene regulation theory

Answer 5

Aging is caused by changes in the expression of genes

Emphasis upon role of genetics in longevity

Often applied to centenarians

Question 6

Cross-linkage theory

Answer 6

With age chemical reactions bind together molecules that should be separated, increasing rigidity and instability of cells

Explanation for aging of connective tissue and collagen

Decreased elasticity and cataracts via protein linkage in lens

Question 7

Senescence

Answer 7

Progressive deterioration that causes an increase in vulnerability to challenges and decreasing ability to survive.

Question 8

Free radical theory

Answer 8

Free radicals interfere with cell function

Contributed via smoking and obesity

Question 9

What provides defense against free radicals?

Answer 9

Antioxidants like vitamin C and vitamin E

Question 10

Apoptosis theory

Answer 10

Regulated cell death

Triggered by DNA damage, oxidative stress, and anoxia, and ultraviolet radiation

Possible explanation for loss of lymphocytes/neurodegenerative diseases

Question 11

Inhibited apoptosis may…

Answer 11

Explain increased malignancies

Question 12

Wear and Tear theory

Answer 12

Obsolete with the exception of osteoarthritis

Question 13

System-based theories claim that

Answer 13

The aging process is due to the decline of organ systems involved in regulation and adaptability.

Question 14

Name the 2 system-based theories

Answer 14

Neuroendocrine Theory

Immune Theory

Question 15

Neuroendocrine theory

Answer 15

With aging, endocrine system fails to regulate organs

Question 16

Immunity Theory

Answer 16

Decreased immunity results in aging

Question 17

Immunosenescense, the aging immune system, is characterized by decreased resistance to infection and…

Answer 17

Failure to recognize self (autoimmune disorders)

Question 18

What age related diseases would immunity research focus on…

Answer 18

Alzheimer’s Disease
Osteoarthritis
CV disease

Question 19

Name 4 Psychological Theories

Answer 19

Maslow Human Needs Theory

Erikson psychosocial development

Havingurst later development

Continuity Theory

Question 20

Maslow Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 20

Self-actualization

Esteem

Love/belonging

Physiological

Question 21

Erikson Theory of Psychosocial Development

Answer 21

8 stages of life

At each stage, prior stage revised

Question 22

Ego integrity vs. despair is associated with Which theory

Answer 22

Erikson Theory of Psychosocial Development

Question 23

What is the psychosocial strength of the elderly?

Answer 23

Wisdom

Question 24

Havighurst list of 6 developemental tasks of later maturity

Answer 24

1. Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
2. Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
3. Establishing satisfactory living quarters
4. Adjusting to death of spouse
5. Establishing relations with ones own age group
6. Meeting social and civic obligations

Question 25

Sociological Theories (4)

Answer 25

Disengagement Theory

Activity Theory

Person-Environment Fit Theory

Functional Consequences Theory

Question 26

Disengagement Theory

Answer 26

Reclusive to achieve contentment

Question 27

Active Theory

Answer 27

Age successfully via remaining active

Self concept is affirmed through societal roles

Question 28

Person-environment Fit summary

Answer 28

Personal competence is present when the capabilities of the individual match the environmental demands

Question 29

Functional consequences theory

Answer 29

Observable effects of actions, risk factors, and age related changes that influence quality of life.

Question 30

Health

Answer 30

State of complete physical mental and social wellbeing not merely absence of disease and infirmity.

Question 31

Wellness

Answer 31

Attitude toward state of being

Interventions that promote function at the highest level despite age related changes.

Question 32

Dimensions of Wellness

Answer 32

Self responsibility

Nutritional Awareness

Physical Fitness

Stress Management

Environmental Sensitivity

Question 33

Health Promotion

Answer 33

Programs/interventions to improve health via behavior changes

Question 34

Immunizations for Elderly

Answer 34

Influenza

Pneumovac

Tetanus-diphtheria

Shingles

Question 35

Individualizing patient goals is critical to…

Answer 35

Health Promotion

Question 36

Presbyopia

Answer 36

Age related farsightedness

Question 37

Presbyopia occurs between…

Answer 37

40-50

Question 38

Presbyopia impairs accommodation because…

Answer 38

Lens and dilation issues

Question 39

Most common Eye disorder

Answer 39

Cataracts

Question 40

What happens in cataracts

Answer 40

Lens becomes opaque

Question 41

Leading cause of blindness in older adults

Answer 41

Macular degeneration

Question 42

Wet AMD =

Answer 42

Abnormal blood vessels

Question 43

Second leading cause of blindness

Answer 43

Glaucoma

Question 44

Which type of glaucoma is a medical emergency?

Answer 44

Acute angle closure glaucoma

Question 45

Associated with peripheral vision loss

Answer 45

Glaucoma

Question 46

People with glaucoma should avoid drugs with

Answer 46

Anti-cholinergic properties.

Question 47

Presbycusis

Answer 47

Age related hearing degeneration.