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Fall 2015 Nursing School > 314 Exam 2 > Flashcards

314 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Na+

A

135-145 mEq/L

Regulates acid base balance via NaHCO3

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2
Q

Deficit of Na+ in the ECF

A 
Cells swell
Dry skin
Hypotension
Confusion
Cerebral edema
Muscle cramps
Lethargy 
Headache
Coma
Seizures
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3
Q

Excess of Na+ in ECF

A 
Restlessness 
Delusion
Confusion
Hallucination
Weakness
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4
Q

K+ range

A

3.5-5mEq/L

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5
Q

Hypokalemia ASIC WALT

A

Alkalosis
Shallow Respirations
Irritability
Confusion

Weakness
Arrhythmia
Lethargy
Thready pulse

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6
Q

ASIC WALT also has

A

Decreased intestinal motility.

Resulting in:

Nausea
Vomiting
Ileus

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7
Q

Hyperkalemia MURDER

A 
Muscle weakness 
Urine oliguria/anuria
Respiratory distress 
Decreased cardiac contractility
EKG change
Reflexes
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8
Q

What is the most abundant electrolyte in the body?

A

Ca+2

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9
Q

99% of the calcium is stored in

A

The bones

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10
Q

What percent of calcium is stored in the ECF?

A

.1%

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11
Q

Calcium has a role in …

A

Blood coagulation
Nerve transmission
Muscle contraction

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12
Q

Ca+2 range

A

8.6-10.2 mg/dL

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13
Q

Mg+2 (3 points)

A

Required for cellular energy
Used in active transport of ions
Needed for transcription and translation

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14
Q

Mg+2 range

A

1.3-2.1 mg/dL

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15
Q

P+2 range

A

2.5-4.5 mg/dL

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16
Q

Which element is necessary for oxygen delivery by RBCs and normal function of the platelets and white blood cells?

A

Phosphorus

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17
Q

What is Sevelamer?

A

Phosphate binder

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18
Q

Chloride is important because…

A

It helps maintain neutrality

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19
Q

Chloride range

A

96–106 mEq/L

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20
Q

Mild SIADH

A

Fluid restriction

Diuretics

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21
Q

Severe SIADH

A

Hypertonic 3% NS

22
Q

Consumer Health Informatics

A

Use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and healthcare decision-making from the patients/consumer perspective.

23
Q

Health Literacy

A

The degree to which individuals can obtain, process and understand the basic health information and services they need to make appropriate health decisions.

24
Q

Web 1.0

A

Read only web which allows users to search and read information but not contribute to the content.

25
Q

Web 2.0

A

Interactive web

26
Q

Web 3.0

A

Semantic futuristic web via multi media applications tailored content to meet individual needs.

27
Q

Virtual healthcare

A

Entire combination of EHR and telehealth

28
Q

Rank PHR from least to most open

A

Untethered/standalone

Tethered/portal

Network

29
Q

Regulatory Cells

Control immune response

A

T helper cells

T suppressor cells

Antigen presenting cells

30
Q

Effector cells

Carry out attack in antigen

A

T cytotoxic killer cells

B cells

Leukocytes

31
Q

Antigen presenting cells

A

Tell the immune system what to attack

32
Q

B cells mature in the

A

Bone marrow

33
Q

T cells mature in the

A

Thymus

34
Q

After T cells and B cells mature, they migrate to

A

Lymph nodes

35
Q

TH1 does what?

A

Stimulates cytotoxic T cells and other phagocytic cells to attack the antigen

36
Q

TH2 does what?

A

Stimulate the B cells to create anti-bodies against the antigen.

37
Q

TH cells release…

A

Cytokines

38
Q

Cytokine roles

A

Inflammatory response
Growth factor
Cell communication

39
Q

Rises during the acute phase, then falls

A

IgM

40
Q

Remains elevated after the acute phase

A

IgG

41
Q

Primary immune response

A

Macrophage/antigen presenting cell to the HT

HT activates B cell

B cells produce antibodies

42
Q

Secondary immune response

A

B cells immediately produce antibodies

43
Q

What type of immune response is a vaccination?

A

Primary

44
Q

What type of immune response is a booster shot?

A

Secondary

45
Q

Innate immunity aka

A

Nonspecific immunity

46
Q

Adaptive immunity aka

A

Specific immunity

47
Q

Four types of acquired/adaptive immunity

A

Natural active
Natural passive
Artificial active
Artificial passive

48
Q

Mycoplasma, rickettsia chlamydia

A

Smaller than bacteria

No cell wall

Must live inside cell

49
Q

Why are most fungal infections on the body surface?

A

Because most require a cooler temperature

50
Q

Parasites

A

Protozoa

Helminth

Arthropods

Fall 2015 Nursing School (17 decks)

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