316 Exam 2 Flashcards
Quasi experimental
Intervention but missing randomization OR control
Nonexperimental
No intervention
Name 2 comparison types
Within-subjects design
Between-subjects design
Masking/blinding is used to…
Avoid bias
Timeframe
When and how often data will be collected.
Cause-and-effect relates to…
Quantitative research
Which design offers the strongest evidence of cause-and-effect?
Experimental design
The researcher assigns subject to group at random
Randomization/random assignment
Crossover
Subjects serve as their own control
More than one independent variable is experimentally manipulated
Factorial
Possible control group conditions
No intervention
Alternative intervention
Placebo
“Usual care”
Different dose
Two main categories of quasi-expirimental designs
Nonequivilant Control Group design
Within-subjects design
Those getting the intervention are compared with a nonrandomized comparison group
Nonequivalent Control Group Design
One group study before and after the intervention
Within-subjects design
Experimental
Intervention
Randomization
Control
Used to when independent variables cannot be manipulated (gender)
Nonexperimental research
Correlational design is helpful when…
Manipulation is not possible
Cohort studies use…
Prospective correlational design
Case-control design uses…
Retrospective correlational design
The purpose is to describe whether variables are related WITHOUT ascribing a cause-effect connection
Descriptive correlational
Data collected at single point in time
Cross-sectional design
Data collected over a long period of time
Longitudinal design
The extent to which it can be inferred that the independent variable caused the dependent variable
Internal validity
The generalizability
External validity
The ability to detect true relationships statistically
Statistical conclusion validity
Focuses on the live experiences of humans
Phenomenological research
Seeks to understand key social psychological processes
Grounded theory research
Focuses on the patterns and lifeways of a cultural group
Ethnographic research
Out of the phenomenological, which is written
Colaizzi
Descriptive phenomenology only…
Describes human experience
Interpretive phenomenology not only describes but also…
Interprets experience
Three steps of analyzing qualitative data
Identify keywords and phrases
Identify initial codes
Continue until final themes identified
Focuses on the discovery of a basic social psychological problem
Grounded theory
Describes and interprets a culture and cultural behavior
Ethnography
Participant observation is a particularly important source for…
Ethnography
Seeks an emic perspective (insiders view) of the culture
Ethnography
Qualitative studies do not use…
Random selection
Snowball sampling
Participants recruit other participants
The use of multiple sources to designate truth
Triangulation
Obtained score =
True Score + error
Sources of error
Situational Contaminants
Transitory Personal Factors
Response-set bias
Administration variations
Item sampling
Reliability can exist without
Validity
Psychometric assessment
Evaluates quality of measurement tool
Term for stability across time
Reliability
If the tool measures what it is supposed to measure, it has…
Validity
Three aspects of reliability
Stability
Internal consistency
Equivalence
Items measure same trait
Internal consistency
The degree to which two or more independent observers agree about scoring by an instrument
Equivalence
