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Biology - biological molecules + cells > 3.1.6 ATP > Flashcards

3.1.6 ATP Flashcards

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1
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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2
Q

What is atp made from

A

1 - adenine
2 - ribose
3 - phosphates

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3
Q

What’s adenine

A

An organic base containing nitrogen

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4
Q

What’s ribose

A

A sugar molecule with a 5-carbon ring structure (pentose)

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5
Q

How many phosphate groups are attached

A

3

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6
Q

What compounds do organic bases act as

A

Protons acceptors

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7
Q

What would adenine + ribose + 1 phosphate be called

A

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)

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8
Q

What would adenine + ribose be called

A

Adenosine

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9
Q

Whats released when bonds in atp are broken

A

Energy

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10
Q

What derivative is ATP classed as

Why

A

Nucleotide derivative

It’s a molecule made of a sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen - contains base

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11
Q

What bonds are key to the energy being released

A

The bonds between the 3 phosphates

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12
Q

2 facts about each bond

A

Unstable

Low activation energy

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13
Q

How much energy do you need to apply to break ATP bonds

A

Not much

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14
Q

What lowers activation energy

A

Enzymes

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15
Q

What’s applied to break each bond

What reaction is this

A

Water

Hydrolysis reaction

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16
Q

What are the products when water is added to ATP to break bonds

A

ADP + Pi (+E)

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17
Q

What’s ADP

Pi

A

Adenosine diphosphate

Inorganic phosphate

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18
Q

What’s the hydrolysis of ATP catalysed by

A

ATP hydrolase enzyme (ATPase)

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19
Q

What’s the only phosphate usually removed to produce ADP in living cells

A

The terminal (end) phosphate

20
Q

What type of reaction is the hydrolysis of ATP

Why

A

Exothermic

Gives out energy

21
Q

How can ATP be made/synthesised

A

By adding an inorganic phosphate group to ADP

22
Q

What reaction is the synthesis of ATP

Why

A

Condensation

Water is produced

23
Q

What catalyses the synthesis of ATP

A

ATP synthase

24
Q

What type of reaction is the condensation reaction to make ATP
why

A

Endothermic

Uses energy

25
Q

What are the 3 instances in which synthesis of ATP occurs

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
In plant/animal cells

26
Q

What’s the process atp is made in in photosynthesis

A

Photophosphorylation

27
Q

What’s the process atp is made in in respiration

A

Oxidative phosphorylation

28
Q

Where does respiration occur

A

In mitochondria

29
Q

When is atp made in plant/animal cells

What’s the process called

A

When phosphate groups are donated to ADP from other molecules

Substrate-level phosphorylation

30
Q

What does phosphorylation mean

A

Adding phosphate

31
Q

What’s a disadvantage of unstable bonds in ATP

A

they make it a bad long-term energy store

32
Q

What type of energy store is atp

What’s the other type

A

ATP - immediate energy store

Fats and carbohydrates - long-term energy storage

33
Q

Why is it ok for cells to use a large quantity of ATP

A

As ATP is re-formed quickly meaning a little ATP can make a large amount of energy

34
Q

What component will cells that need to produce a lot of ATP have

A

Mitochondria

35
Q

5 uses of ATP

A 
Metabolic processes
Active transport
Movement
Secretion (releasing)
Activating molecules
36
Q

Example of a metabolic process using atp

A

Anabolic reactions (building large molecules from small ones) e.g amino acids -> proteins

37
Q

What does active transport do

A

Moves particles from an area of low concentration to high concentration

38
Q

Example of where atp is useful in active transport

A

In small intestine when glucose is sent to blood

39
Q

What’s atp used to move

A

Muscle filaments past each other to allow the muscle to contract

40
Q

What is atp used to make that’s necessary for cells to secrete molecules

A

Lysosomes (in cells that contain enzymes)

41
Q

What’s activating molecules a use of

A

Inorganic phosphate

42
Q

What’s inorganic phosphate used for other compounds for when atp is hydrolysed
What does this lower

A

Used to make other compounds more reactive

Lowers activation energy of enzyme-catalysed reactions

43
Q

What’s atp like in water

A

Very solute

44
Q

What cells is atp found in

A

Prokaryotic (bacteria)

45
Q

What’s some of the energy produced from atp hydrolysis released as

A

Heat

46
Q

What’s some of the heat energy released by atp hydrolysis used for in birds/mammals

A

To maintain a constant internal temperature

Biology - biological molecules + cells (16 decks)

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