3.1.2 Carbohydrates Flashcards
What 3 elements are they all made up of
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
They are polymers made up of what
E.g
Monomers (simple sugars)
E.g glucose
General formula
(CH20)n
What’s glucose an example of
A monosaccharide that makes up carbohydrates
2 types of glucose
Alpha
Beta
What’s the difference between alpha and beta glucose
OH is in top in beta glucose, H on top in alpha
5 carbons
6 carbons
Pentose
Hexose
What do monosaccharides form to form long chain hydrocarbons
Glycosidic bonds
What’s a disaccharide
E.g
2 glucoses/simple sugars
Maltose
What’s a polysaccharide
E.gs
3/more sugars
E.g starch, glycogen, cellulose
How do monosaccharides form bonds
What is released in the process
Via condensation reactions
Water
What are monosaccharides joined to each other by
1 oxygen
3 monosaccharides to know
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
What does alpha glucose and fructose produce
Sucrose (plants, fruit and veg)
What does alpha glucose and galactose produce
And how
Lactose (dairy)
By condensation reaction
What’s the reverse of a condensation reaction , what happens
Hydrolysis
Break down of disaccharide to monosaccharides by adding water
What can hydrolysis be sped up by
Glucagon
Example of a hydrolysis reaction
Breakdown of lactose by the lactase enzyme
5 important carbohydrates
Glucose Starch Glycogen Cellulose Chitin
What’s starch
Glucose storage in plant leaves
What’s glycogen
Glucose storage in liver
Where’s cellulose and what’s it for
In cell walls of plant cells for structural purposes
Where’s chitin and what does it do
In fungal cell walls
Forms insects and crustaceans outer skeletons
What are the 2 different parts of starch
Amylopectin
Amylose
