3.1 (P2) Exchange Systems In Plants Flashcards

1
Q

How does carbon dioxide enter leaves?

A

Via diffusion through the stomata

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2
Q

Where are water and mineral ions absorbed?

A

By the roots

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3
Q

How is the surface area of roots increased?

A

Root hair cells

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4
Q

How is water taken into and transported around a plant?

A

Via osmosis through the roots

Transported up by Xylem

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5
Q

What are Xylem?

A

Dead cells forming a hole like tube

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6
Q

How are mineral ions taken into and transported around a plant?

A

Via active transport through the roots

Transported around by Phloem

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7
Q

What is the purpose of Phloem?

A

They transport and direct minerals and nutrients where they need to be as they have small perforated holes allowing movement

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8
Q

How does a high concentration of mineral ions inside the plants affect water movement?

A

When active transport takes place in the roots there is now a higher concentration of ions inside
If there is a higher concentration of minerals ions inside there is a lower concentration of water inside
This helps bring more water in via osmosis as there is a steeper concentration gradient

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9
Q

What is transpiration?

A

The process by which moisture is carried through plants and then evaporated from the leaves

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10
Q

How much water is lost by evaporation?

A

90% lost

10% used in photosynthesis

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11
Q

What is a constant water flow useful for?

A

Turgidity
Photosynthesis
Steep concentration gradient

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12
Q

What are stomata?

A

Holes in the leaf that allow gases to be transferred

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13
Q

What are the stomata protected and controlled by?

A

Guard cells

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14
Q

What leaves via the stomata?

A

Oxygen and water vapour

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15
Q

Where is there more stomata? Why?

A

Underneath the leaf (lower epidermis)

So they lose less water (needed for turgidity)

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16
Q

What are guard cells like when sunny? Dark?

A

Sunny - swollen causing the stomata to be open

Dark - shrunken causing the stomata to be closed

17
Q

How are leaves adapted for efficient gas exchange?

A

Large surface area: flat shape and air spaces within

High concentration gradient: constant flow of water internally, constant flow of air externally

Short diffusion distance: the leaf is a few cells thick

18
Q

What factors affect transpiration?

A

Dry and windy
Steeper concentration gradient (moist inside and dry outside)

Hot
Evaporation happens faster