3.1 (P1) Movement Of Molecules

Question 1

What can dissolved substances move by?

Answer 1

Diffusion

Active transport

Question 2

What does water move by?

Answer 2

Osmosis

Question 3

What is diffusion?

Answer 3

The net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration requiring no additional energy

Question 4

What is osmosis?

Answer 4

The net movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water requiring no additional energy through a partially permeable membrane

Question 5

What happens to an animal cell in a concentrated salt solution?

Answer 5

It will shrivel

Water moves out to the area of lower concentration

Question 6

What happens to an animal cell in distilled water?

Answer 6

It will inflate and possibly burst

Water moves in to an area of lower concentration

Question 7

What happens to an animal cell in an isotonic solution?

Answer 7

Nothing

Osmosis moves in and out evenly

Question 8

What is active transport?

Answer 8

The net movement of particles form an area of lower concentration to an area of high concentration requiring additional energy

Question 9

What are taken in by active transport?

Answer 9

Minerals and ions are taken in by plants

Question 10

Where is the additional energy acquired from?

Answer 10

Respiration

Question 11

What else is required in active transport and why?

Answer 11

Ribosomes to make proteins

The proteins carry molecules across a membrane

Question 12

What do sports drink contain?

Answer 12

Water
Sugar
Ions

Question 13

What does the sugar replace in a sports drink?

Answer 13

Sugar used in energy released in exercise

Question 14

What do the water and ions in the sports drink replace?

Answer 14

The ions and water that were lost when sweating

Question 15

What happens is water and ions aren’t replaced after exercise?

Answer 15

The balance of the body is disturbed

The cells don’t work as efficiently

Question 16

What are the factors affecting the effectiveness of an exchange surface?

Answer 16

Large surface area
Steep concentration gradient
Short diffusion distance

Question 17

What law ties factors affecting exchange surfaces?

Answer 17

Fick’s law:

Short diffusion distance

Question 18

How does size and complexity of an organism affect exchange of materials?

Answer 18

It increases the difficulty

Question 19

What are alveoli?

Answer 19

Millions of tiny air sacs in the lungs

Question 20

What factors of Fick’s law tie into the alveoli?

Answer 20

Large surface area of the lungs increased by millions of alveoli
Short diffusion distance as capillaries are very close
Steep concentration gradient maintained by a constant blood flow

Question 21

What happens to Carbon dioxide and oxygen in the alveoli?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of the plasma

Oxygen diffuses into the red blood cells

Question 22

What are villi?

Answer 22

Folds upon folds upon folds in the small intestine

Question 23

What factors of Fick’s law tie into the villi?

Answer 23

Large surface are of the small intestine is increased by villi
Short diffusion distance as they are only one cell thick
Steep concentration gradient as around them there is an extensive network of capillaries providing a constant blood flow

Question 24

What do villi do?

Answer 24

Help absorb products more quickly via diffusion and active transport

Question 25

What is the upper and lower part of you body called?

Answer 25

Upper: Thorax
Lower: Abdomen

Question 26

What separates the thorax and abdomen internally?

Answer 26

The diaphragm

Question 27

Why do we breathe?

Answer 27

To take in air
So oxygen can diffuse into the blood stream
And
Carbon dioxide can diffuse out of the blood stream into the air

Question 28

Describe inhalation?

Answer 28

The diaphragm contacts and becomes flatter
The intercostal muscles contract moving the rib cage up and out
The volume of the thorax increases
The pressure of the thorax decreases
The air moves from outside to inside as pressure is higher outside moving to lower inside

Question 29

Is inhalation active or passive?

Answer 29

Active

Question 30

Describe exhalation?

Answer 30

The diaphragm relaxes to a dome shape
The intercostal muscles relax to move the rib cage down and in
The volume of the thorax decreases
The pressure of the thorax increases
The air moves from inside to outside as pressure is higher inside moving to lower outside

Question 31

Is exhalation active or passive?

Answer 31

Passive