2.5 Proteins And Enzymes

Question 1

What are proteins made from?

Answer 1

Long chain amino acids

Question 2

How is a specific protein shape formed?

Answer 2

The long chains are folded

Question 3

Why is a specific protein shape important?

Answer 3

It enables other molecules to fit into the protein

Question 4

What can protein act as?

Answer 4

Structural components of tissue
Hormones
Antibodies
Catalysts

Question 5

What is a catalyst?

Answer 5

It increases the rate of reaction

Question 6

What is an enzyme?

Answer 6

A protein and a biological catalyst

Question 7

What is different for all enzymes?

Answer 7

The optimum pH

Question 8

Where are digestive enzymes produced?

Answer 8

Glands and lining of the gut

Question 9

What does an enzyme do?

Answer 9

It catalyses the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules

Question 10

What happens when an enzyme is denatured?

Answer 10

The shape of the active site (enzyme) is changed so the substrate (food molecule) is no longer complimentary

Question 11

What are enzymes affected by?

Answer 11

pH
Temperature
Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration

Question 12

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 12

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 13

What does amylase do?

Answer 13

Breaks starch into sugar

Question 14

Where is protease produced?

Answer 14

Stomach
Pancreas
Small intestine

Question 15

What does protease do?

Answer 15

Breaks protein into amino acids

Question 16

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 16

Pancreas

Small intestine

Question 17

What does lipase do?

Answer 17

Breaks down fats and oils into

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 18

What is also produced in the stomach?

Answer 18

Hydrochloric acid

Question 19

What does hydrochloric acid do?

Answer 19

Creates the optimum pH in the stomach

Around 3

Question 20

Where is bile produced, stored and released in?

Answer 20

Produced: liver
Stored: Gall bladder
Released: Small intestine

Question 21

What does bile do?

Answer 21

It neutralises acid from the stomach

Provides alkaline conditions for the small intestine

Question 22

What enzymes do biological detergents contain?

Answer 22

Protease

Lipase

Question 23

How do enzymes help in biological detergents?

Answer 23

Lowering temperatures whilst clean clothes just as well

Question 24

What are the disadvantages of biological detergents?

Answer 24

Easily denatured

Can’t be reused

Question 25

What enzyme is in baby food?

Answer 25

Protease

Question 26

How do enzymes help in baby food?

Answer 26

Protease pre-digests food so babies can get the nutrients easier and quicker

Question 27

What does amylase or carbohydrase convert and into what?

Answer 27

Starch into glucose/sugar syrup

Question 28

What are the advantages of sugar syrup to starch?

Answer 28

You don’t need to transport sugar from far countries

It will therefore be cheaper and better for the environment

Question 29

What is a disadvantage of sugar syrup?

Answer 29

Places like Fiji will lose money as they grow a lot of sugar

Question 30

What is used to convert glucose syrup?

Answer 30

Isomerase

Question 31

What does isomerase turn glucose syrup into?

Answer 31

Fructose syrup

Question 32

What is fructose syrup used in and why?

Answer 32

Slimming foods
It is sweeter so can be used in smaller quantities for the same taste
This is less fattening if less sugar is used