3.1 Gross Structure Of Digestive System And Functions Of Component Parts Flashcards
What is the component called which you out food in to?
Buccal cavity (sometimes known as the oral cavity).
What happens at the buccal cavity?
Works with the jaw, teeth and tongue to make the food small enough to swallow.
Where are the salivary glands located and what do they do?
Under the tongue and in the cheeks, moisten the food and make it easier to swallow.
Where does the food go after it has been swallowed?
Slides past the epiglottis and enters the oesophagus or gullet.
What is the oesophagus?
Muscular tube down which food is squeezed by muscles in an action called peristalsis.
What does the stomach do to the food?
Churns food around and starts to chemically later the protein in the diet.
Where does it go after leaving the stomach?
Food, or chyme, as it is now called, enters the small intestine-initially the duodenum. Here, further chemical alteration takes place aided by fluids provided by the liver and pancreas.
What part of the body is bile made from?
Liver and stored temporarily in a small sack called the gallbladder, passes down the bile duct to the gut.
What does the other fluid contain which passes down the pancreatic duct?
Contains digestive enzymes and alkaline salts.
Where do the altered nutrients pass into?
A further region of the small intestine, the ileum. Covered with villi, containing blood vessels which are like a thick carpet.
Nutrients are now in a small enough form to be picked up by the blood.
What is remaining in the gut and where does it move to?
Water and food substances which are unable to break down chemically. These move into the large intestine or colon where much of the water is taken back into the blood.
What is living in the colon?
Trillions of mostly beneficial bacteria. They feed off undigested food, providing us with vital vitamins such as folic acid and vitamin k.
Also produce intestinal gases.
What is stored in the rectum?
Dried out remains of our food and dead bacteria which forms faeces.
Rectum eventually expels the waste from the anus.
