1.8 & 1.9 Cardiovascular malfunctions Flashcards
Hypertension- causes
Smoking, overweight or obese, lack of physical activity, too much salt, too much alcohol consumption, older age, stress, genetics (Both- nature and nurture).
Hypertension- symptoms
Severe headache, fatigue, confusion, vision problems, chest pain, difficulty breathing, irregular heartbeat, blood in urine, pounding in chest, neck, or ears. Long-term- memory loss, personality changes, trouble concentrating, chest pain, heart attack.
Hypertension- system attached to
Circulatory system
Hypertension- treatment/cures
Medication given: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) Diuretics, Beta-blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Alpha-blockers, Alpha-agonists, renin inhibitors
Hypertension- diagnostic techniques
Doctor will conduct a physical examination, recommend routine tests, such as a urine test (urinalysis), blood tests, cholesterol test and an electrocardiogram.
Coronary heart disease- system attached to
Circulatory system
Coronary heart disease- causes
Smoking, High blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, physically inactive, overweight or obese, family history of heart disease, ethnic background, sex, age. (Can be both nature and nurture
Coronary heart disease- symptoms
Pain, discomfort, pressure, tightness, numbness, or burning sensation in your chest, arms, shoulders, back, upper abdomen, or jaw, dizziness, weakness or fatigue, nausea or vomiting, indigestion or heartburn.
Coronary heart disease- treatments/cures
Cholesterol-modifying medications, Aspirin, Beta blockers, Calcium channel blockers, Ranolazine, Nitro-glycerine, Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
Coronary heart disease- diagnostic techniques
Electrocardiogram (ECG), Echocardiogram, Stress test, Cardiac catheterisation and angiogram, heart scan.
What is a coronary bypass?
Using a piece of artery from the chest to bypass or bridge a blocked region of coronary artery, allowing blood to flow beyond the blockage.
What is a angiogram?
A type of X-ray that involves a dye visible in X-ray photographs that is injected into the blood system so that narrowing of coronary arteries can be seen.
What is angioplasty?
A microscopic deflated balloon is passed into a narrowed artery and inflated, pushing the artery open. Sometimes a microscopic mesh tube or stent is inserted at the same time, keeping the artery open for longer.
