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Hematology and Immunology > 3.05 Hemopoiesis > Flashcards

3.05 Hemopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

This is known as the process of producing new blood cells

A

Hemopoiesis

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2
Q 
What are the corresponding life spans of the following:
RBCs
Platelets
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
A 
120 days
9-12 days
Granular: 7 hours --> 1-2 days
Years
1-3 days --> months to years
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3
Q

Theory of hematopoiesis that states that each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell. Is this the favored theory?

A

polyphyletic theory; no

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4
Q

Theory of hematopoiesis that states that all blood cells come from a common stem cell. Is this the favored theory? What do you call the said stem cell?

A

Monophyletic/unitarian theory; no; pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell

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5
Q

What marker is used to recognize PHSCs through immunological special methods?

A

CD34 marker

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6
Q

Differentiate stem cells from progenitor cells

A

Stem cells have the ability to self-replicate and self-renew. Progenitor cells are already committed to dividing into a particular cell line.

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7
Q

Differentiate progenitor cells from precursor cells.

A

Progenitor cells can give rise to one cell line once injected into the spleen, and they are not morphological distinguishable. Precursor cells have already assumed the morphological features of the mature, functional stem cells they will become.

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8
Q

First phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

A

Mesoblastic phase; yolk sac; third month of fetal life

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9
Q

Second phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

A

Hepatic phase; liver, spleen and maybe the lymph nodes; begins during the 2nd trimester of fetal life

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10
Q

Third phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?

A

Myeloid phase; bone marrow; third trimester of fetal life

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11
Q

After birth, the bones are mostly composed of __ marrow which is (active/inactive) in hemopoiesis, and gradually becomes __ marrow, which is (active, inactive) as the person ages.

A

Red, active; yellow, inactive

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12
Q

Red marrow is supported by __, composed of __ and __.

A

Red marrow is supported by stroma, composed of reticular cells and reticular fibers

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13
Q

Marrow where old erythrocytes go to be phagocytosed by macrophages

A

Red marrow

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14
Q

T/F. The change from red marrow to yellow marrow as the person ages is permanent.

A

False. Yellow marrow can be converted back to red marrow during time of need, e.g. hypoxia, severe blood loss

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15
Q

Pertains to the production of red blood cells

A

Erythropoiesis

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16
Q

This is known as the precursor cell of erythrocytes. (Euchromatin, Heterochromatin) is more prominent in this stage.

A

Proerythroblast; euchromatin

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17
Q

Proerythroblasts divide to produce __. __ disappear in this stage. Hemoglobin will start to be produced by the __.

A

Basophilic erythroblasts; Nucleoli; ribosomes

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18
Q

This stage of erythropoiesis is characterized by a more heterochromatic nucleus than basophilic erythroblasts.

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

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19
Q

Last stage of erythropoiesis that is capable of cellular division

A

Polychromatic erythroblast

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20
Q

Stage of erythropoiesis where the nucleus starts to become more densely heterochromatic, and the cytoplasm becomes more acidophilic because of a decrease in ribosomes.

A

Orthochromatic erythroblast

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21
Q

Stage where erythrocytes can enter the blood stream.

A

Reticulocytes

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22
Q

Stage where the nucleus is already absent and the shape is a biconcave.

A

Mature RBCs

23
Q

This is the main hormone/protein for erythropoiesis. It is produced in the __.

A

Erythropoietin; kidneys

24
Q

Erythroproietin stimulates the production of __, the protein component of hemoglobin.

A

Globin

25
Q

This hormone that affects erythropoiesis is essential for synthesis of thymidine triphosphate.

A

Vitamin B12

26
Q

Process of differentiation of CFU-GM to either granulocytes or monocytes

A

Granulopoiesis

27
Q

How long does it take for mature cells to be produced through granulopoiesis?

A

18 days

28
Q

One of the two granules that granulocytes have that stains with basic dyes and gradually decreases in number as the cell ages

A

azurophilic granules

29
Q

What do azurophilic granules contain?

A

lysosomal enzymes

30
Q

When do azurophilic granules appear?

A

promyelocyte cell

31
Q

Contents of these granules differentiate the three different granulocytes

A

Specific granules

32
Q

Specific granules start to appear during this stage of granulopoiesis

A

myelocyte cell

33
Q

first recognizable/identifiable cell in the granulocytic lineage

A

myeloblast

34
Q

Stage of granulopoiesis when the nucleus is largely euchromatic with dispersed chromatic and multiple nuclei. It also has a basophilic cytoplasm.

A

Myeloblast

35
Q

Stage of granulopoiesis where azurophilic granules stop to be produced.

A

Myelocyte

36
Q

Last stage of granulopoiesis for cell division

A

Myelocyte

37
Q

T/F. Eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils start to differentiate at the level of metamyelocytes.

A

False. Granulocytes differentiate at myelocyte stage because this is the stage when specific granules start to appear.

38
Q

Stage in granulopoiesis where the nucleus changes from round to indented or kidney shaped. Azurophilic granules in this stage stain deeply, while specific granules are only faintly stained.

A

Metamyelocyte

39
Q

Latter stages of metamyelocyte where the nucleus is more indented or U-shaped

A

Juvenile, Band or Stab Form

40
Q

What are the three stages of monocytopoiesis

A

Monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte

41
Q

Stage of monocytopoiesis where the nucleus is largely basophilic

A

Monoblast

42
Q

Stage of monocytopoiesis when the nucleus becomes more euchromatic, with basophilic cytoplasm

A

Promonocyte

43
Q

T/F. Monocytes can only start functioning after they go out of the blood vessels.

A

True

44
Q

Monocytes change into what when they enter the connective tissue, lymphoid organs and bone marrow?

A

Macrophages

45
Q

What do you call macrophages that reside in:

  1. lungs?
  2. liver?
  3. bones?
  4. skin?
  5. CNS?
A
  1. alveolar macrophages
  2. Kupffer cells
  3. Osteoclasts
  4. Langerhan
  5. Microglial cells
46
Q

Precursor of lymphocytes

A

Lymphoblast

47
Q

Lymphoblasts that enter the thymus mature into __

A

T-lymphocytes

48
Q

Lymphoblasts that go into the liver and spleen are those that have developed into __

A

prolymphocytes

49
Q

Prolymphocytes further develop into __

A

B lymphocytes

50
Q

Production of platelets

A

Thrombocytopoiesis

51
Q

Which CFU develop into the precursors for platelets?

A

CFU-Me

52
Q

What are the precursor for platelets?

A

Megakaryoblast

53
Q
  1. The megakaryoblast undergoes a process where the DNA replicate without division of the nucleus and cytoplasm resulting in a large cell. 2. This large cell is called a __.
A
  1. endomitosis

2. megakaryocyte

54
Q

Channels that mark the separation of clustered azurophilic granules of megakaryoblasts.

A

Platelet demarcation channels

Hematology and Immunology (11 decks)

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