3.05 Hemopoiesis Flashcards
This is known as the process of producing new blood cells
Hemopoiesis
What are the corresponding life spans of the following: RBCs Platelets Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes
120 days 9-12 days Granular: 7 hours --> 1-2 days Years 1-3 days --> months to years
Theory of hematopoiesis that states that each of the blood cell lineages is derived from its own unique stem cell. Is this the favored theory?
polyphyletic theory; no
Theory of hematopoiesis that states that all blood cells come from a common stem cell. Is this the favored theory? What do you call the said stem cell?
Monophyletic/unitarian theory; no; pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell
What marker is used to recognize PHSCs through immunological special methods?
CD34 marker
Differentiate stem cells from progenitor cells
Stem cells have the ability to self-replicate and self-renew. Progenitor cells are already committed to dividing into a particular cell line.
Differentiate progenitor cells from precursor cells.
Progenitor cells can give rise to one cell line once injected into the spleen, and they are not morphological distinguishable. Precursor cells have already assumed the morphological features of the mature, functional stem cells they will become.
First phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?
Mesoblastic phase; yolk sac; third month of fetal life
Second phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?
Hepatic phase; liver, spleen and maybe the lymph nodes; begins during the 2nd trimester of fetal life
Third phase of hematopoiesis, it’s location and when does it happen?
Myeloid phase; bone marrow; third trimester of fetal life
After birth, the bones are mostly composed of __ marrow which is (active/inactive) in hemopoiesis, and gradually becomes __ marrow, which is (active, inactive) as the person ages.
Red, active; yellow, inactive
Red marrow is supported by __, composed of __ and __.
Red marrow is supported by stroma, composed of reticular cells and reticular fibers
Marrow where old erythrocytes go to be phagocytosed by macrophages
Red marrow
T/F. The change from red marrow to yellow marrow as the person ages is permanent.
False. Yellow marrow can be converted back to red marrow during time of need, e.g. hypoxia, severe blood loss
Pertains to the production of red blood cells
Erythropoiesis
This is known as the precursor cell of erythrocytes. (Euchromatin, Heterochromatin) is more prominent in this stage.
Proerythroblast; euchromatin
Proerythroblasts divide to produce __. __ disappear in this stage. Hemoglobin will start to be produced by the __.
Basophilic erythroblasts; Nucleoli; ribosomes
This stage of erythropoiesis is characterized by a more heterochromatic nucleus than basophilic erythroblasts.
Polychromatic erythroblast
Last stage of erythropoiesis that is capable of cellular division
Polychromatic erythroblast
Stage of erythropoiesis where the nucleus starts to become more densely heterochromatic, and the cytoplasm becomes more acidophilic because of a decrease in ribosomes.
Orthochromatic erythroblast
Stage where erythrocytes can enter the blood stream.
Reticulocytes
Stage where the nucleus is already absent and the shape is a biconcave.
Mature RBCs
This is the main hormone/protein for erythropoiesis. It is produced in the __.
Erythropoietin; kidneys
Erythroproietin stimulates the production of __, the protein component of hemoglobin.
Globin
This hormone that affects erythropoiesis is essential for synthesis of thymidine triphosphate.
Vitamin B12
Process of differentiation of CFU-GM to either granulocytes or monocytes
Granulopoiesis
How long does it take for mature cells to be produced through granulopoiesis?
18 days
One of the two granules that granulocytes have that stains with basic dyes and gradually decreases in number as the cell ages
azurophilic granules
What do azurophilic granules contain?
lysosomal enzymes
When do azurophilic granules appear?
promyelocyte cell
Contents of these granules differentiate the three different granulocytes
Specific granules
Specific granules start to appear during this stage of granulopoiesis
myelocyte cell
first recognizable/identifiable cell in the granulocytic lineage
myeloblast
Stage of granulopoiesis when the nucleus is largely euchromatic with dispersed chromatic and multiple nuclei. It also has a basophilic cytoplasm.
Myeloblast
Stage of granulopoiesis where azurophilic granules stop to be produced.
Myelocyte
Last stage of granulopoiesis for cell division
Myelocyte
T/F. Eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils start to differentiate at the level of metamyelocytes.
False. Granulocytes differentiate at myelocyte stage because this is the stage when specific granules start to appear.
Stage in granulopoiesis where the nucleus changes from round to indented or kidney shaped. Azurophilic granules in this stage stain deeply, while specific granules are only faintly stained.
Metamyelocyte
Latter stages of metamyelocyte where the nucleus is more indented or U-shaped
Juvenile, Band or Stab Form
What are the three stages of monocytopoiesis
Monoblast, promonocyte, monocyte
Stage of monocytopoiesis where the nucleus is largely basophilic
Monoblast
Stage of monocytopoiesis when the nucleus becomes more euchromatic, with basophilic cytoplasm
Promonocyte
T/F. Monocytes can only start functioning after they go out of the blood vessels.
True
Monocytes change into what when they enter the connective tissue, lymphoid organs and bone marrow?
Macrophages
What do you call macrophages that reside in:
- lungs?
- liver?
- bones?
- skin?
- CNS?
- alveolar macrophages
- Kupffer cells
- Osteoclasts
- Langerhan
- Microglial cells
Precursor of lymphocytes
Lymphoblast
Lymphoblasts that enter the thymus mature into __
T-lymphocytes
Lymphoblasts that go into the liver and spleen are those that have developed into __
prolymphocytes
Prolymphocytes further develop into __
B lymphocytes
Production of platelets
Thrombocytopoiesis
Which CFU develop into the precursors for platelets?
CFU-Me
What are the precursor for platelets?
Megakaryoblast
- The megakaryoblast undergoes a process where the DNA replicate without division of the nucleus and cytoplasm resulting in a large cell. 2. This large cell is called a __.
- endomitosis
2. megakaryocyte
Channels that mark the separation of clustered azurophilic granules of megakaryoblasts.
Platelet demarcation channels
