301-400 Flashcards
dramatic
Adjective
1
relating to drama or the performance or study of drama.
the dramatic arts
2
(of an event or circumstance) sudden and striking.
a dramatic increase in recorded crime
dress
can be verb
dress
can be verb
dressed
Adjective
1
(of food, especially poultry or shellfish) cleaned and prepared for cooking or eating.
dressed crab
2
(of stone) having had the surface smoothed.
a fine frontage in red brick with dressed white stone on the facings
3
(of an artificial fly) made for use in fishing.
a dressed wet fly
drum
Noun
1
a percussion instrument sounded by being struck with sticks or the hands, typically cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or bowl-shaped, with a taut membrane over one or both ends.
a shuffling dance to the beat of a drum
2
a cylindrical container or receptacle.
a drum of powdered bleach
dust
گرد و خاک
duty
Noun
1
a moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.
it’s my duty to uphold the law
2
a task or action that someone is required to perform.
the queen’s official duties
3
a payment levied on the import, export, manufacture, or sale of goods.
a 6 percent duty on imports
earthquake
زلزله
economic
Adjective
1
relating to economics or the economy.
pest species of great economic importance
2
justified in terms of profitability.
many organizations must become larger if they are to remain economic
economy
Noun
1
the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and consumption of goods and services.
2
careful management of available resources.
even heat distribution and fuel economy
Adjective
1
(of a product) offering the best value for the money.
an economy pack
edit
Verb
1
prepare (written material) for publication by correcting, condensing, or otherwise modifying it.
Volume I was edited by J. Johnson
Noun
1
a change or correction made as a result of editing.
the system has no word wrap feature—so even small edits involved extensive rekeying
educate
Verb
1
give intellectual, moral, and social instruction to (someone, especially a child), typically at a school or university.
she was educated at a boarding school
educational
Adjective
1
relating to the provision of education.
children with special educational needs
effect/affect
Worth repeating:
Use affect as the verb in a sentence when talking about producing change or making a difference. For example,
a new discovery can affect a scientific theory, and failing a test can affect someone’s mood.
Here are some synonyms of affect: alter, change, influence, modify and impact (the verb version). That list should affect your understanding of the word. In this case, affect would mean “improve.”
Effect is a noun, and it is the outcome of an event or situation that created a change. The effect of the change can be big or small, but the fact that something changed is what makes the noun form of effect so important. For example, you can feel the effects of a cold or an earthquake, and the sun coming out can have a positive effect on your mood.
Some synonyms of effect include words like result, repercussion, consequence, outcome, aftermath and the noun version of impact.
effective
Adjective
1
successful in producing a desired or intended result.
effective solutions to environmental problems
2
fulfilling a specified function in fact, though not formally acknowledged as such.
the region did not come under effective Dutch control until 1904
Noun
1
a soldier fit and available for service.
when the battles broke out, he had a total of 920 effectives
effectively
Adverb
1
in such a manner as to achieve a desired result.
make sure that resources are used effectively
effort
Noun
1
a vigorous or determined attempt.
either
https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/either-and-neither.html
elderly
Adjective
1
(of a person) old or aging.
she was elderly and silver-haired
elect
Verb
1
choose (someone) to hold public office or some other position by voting.
the members who were elected to the committee
Adjective
1
(of a person) chosen or singled out.
Noun
1
people who are chosen or singled out.
one of the century’s elect
electric
Adjective
1
of, worked by, charged with, or producing electricity.
an electric stove
2
having or producing a sudden sense of thrilling excitement.
the atmosphere was electric
Noun
1
an electric train or other vehicle.
electricity
Noun
1
a form of energy resulting from the existence of charged particles (such as electrons or protons), either statically as an accumulation of charge or dynamically as a current.
2
a state or feeling of thrilling excitement.
the atmosphere was charged with a dangerous sexual electricity
electronic
Adjective
1
(of a device) having or operating with the aid of many small components, especially microchips and transistors, that control and direct an electric current.
an electronic calculator
2
relating to electrons.
3
carried out or accessed by means of a computer or other electronic device, especially over a network.
electronic banking
elsewhere
Adverb
1
in, at, or to some other place or other places.
he is seeking employment elsewhere
Pronoun
1
some other place.
all Hawaiian plants originally came from elsewhere
embarrassed
Adjective
1
feeling or showing embarrassment.
an embarrassed silence
embarrassing
Adjective
1
causing embarrassment.
an embarrassing muddle
emerge
Verb
1
move out of or away from something and come into view.
black ravens emerged from the fog
emergency
Noun
1
a serious, unexpected, and often dangerous situation requiring immediate action.
your quick response in an emergency could be a lifesaver
emotion
Noun
1
a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one’s circumstances, mood, or relationships with others.
she was attempting to control her emotions
هیجانی
emotional
Adjective
1
relating to a person’s emotions.
children with emotional difficulties
emotional
Adjective
1
relating to a person’s emotions.
children with emotional difficulties
encounter
Verb
1
unexpectedly experience or be faced with (something difficult or hostile).
we have encountered one small problem
Noun
1
an unexpected or casual meeting with someone or something.
she felt totally unnerved by the encounter
encourage
Verb
1
give support, confidence, or hope to (someone).
we were encouraged by the success of this venture
engage
Verb
1
occupy, attract, or involve (someone’s interest or attention).
he plowed on, trying to outline his plans and engage Sutton’s attention
2
participate or become involved in.
organizations engage in a variety of activities
engaged
Adjective
1
busy; occupied.
I told him I was otherwise engaged
2
having formally agreed to marry.
she was engaged to a lecturer
enhance
Verb
1
intensify, increase, or further improve the quality, value, or extent of.
his refusal does nothing to enhance his reputation
enormous
Adjective
1
very large in size, quantity, or extent.
the possibilities are enormous
ensure
Verb
1
make certain that (something) shall occur or be the case.
the client must ensure that accurate records be kept
entertain
Verb
1
provide (someone) with amusement or enjoyment.
a tremendous game that thoroughly entertained the crowd
2
give attention or consideration to (an idea, suggestion, or feeling).
Washington entertained little hope of an early improvement in relations
entertainment
Noun
1
the action of providing or being provided with amusement or enjoyment.
everyone just sits in front of the TV for entertainment
enthusiasm
Noun
1
intense and eager enjoyment, interest, or approval.
her energy and enthusiasm for life
escape
Verb
1
break free from confinement or control.
two burglars have just escaped from prison
2
fail to be noticed or remembered by (someone).
the name escaped him
Noun
1
an act of breaking free from confinement or control.
the story of his escape from a POW camp
especially
Adverb
1
used to single out one person, thing, or situation over all others.
he despised them all, especially Sylvester
2
to a great extent; very much.
he didn’t especially like dancing
essay
Noun
1
a short piece of writing on a particular subject.
2
FORMAL
an attempt or effort.
a misjudged essay
Verb
FORMAL
1
attempt or try.
essay a smile
essential
Adjective
1
absolutely necessary; extremely important.
it is essential to keep up-to-date records
Noun
1
a thing that is absolutely necessary.
we had only the bare essentials in the way of gear
establish
Verb
1
set up (an organization, system, or set of rules) on a firm or permanent basis.
the British established a rich trade with Portugal
2
achieve permanent acceptance or recognition for.
the principle of the supremacy of national parliaments needs to be firmly established
3
show (something) to be true or certain by determining the facts.
the police established that the two passports were forgeries
estate
Noun
1
an extensive area of land in the country, usually with a large house, owned by one person, family, or organization.
2
all the money and property owned by a particular person, especially at death.
in his will, he divided his estate between his wife and daughter
3
a class or order regarded as forming part of the body politic, in particular (in Britain), one of the three groups constituting Parliament, now the Lords spiritual (the heads of the Church), the Lords temporal (the peerage), and the Commons. They are also known as the three estates.
the unions are no longer an estate of the realm
ethical
Adjective
1
relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these.
ethical issues in nursing
2
(of a medicine) legally available only on a doctor’s prescription and usually not advertised to the general public.
all types of drugs, including ethical drugs and over-the-counter pharmaceuticals
evaluate
Verb
1
form an idea of the amount, number, or value of; assess.
when you evaluate any hammer, look for precision machining
everywhere
Adverb
1
in or to all places.
I’ve looked everywhere
Noun
1
all places or directions.
everywhere was in darkness
evil
Adjective
1
profoundly immoral and wicked.
his evil deeds
Noun
1
profound immorality and wickedness, especially when regarded as a supernatural force.
the world is stalked by relentless evil
examination
Noun
1
a detailed inspection or investigation.
an examination of marketing behavior
2
a formal test of a person’s knowledge or proficiency in a particular subject or skill.
he scraped through the examinations at the end of his first year
examine
Verb
1
inspect (someone or something) in detail to determine their nature or condition; investigate thoroughly.
a doctor examined me and said I might need a caesarean
2
test the knowledge or proficiency of (someone) by requiring them to answer questions or perform tasks.
the colleges set standards by examining candidates
except
Preposition
1
not including; other than.
they work every day except Sunday
Conjunction
1
used before a statement that forms an exception to one just made.
I didn’t tell him anything, except that I needed the money
Verb
FORMAL
1
specify as not included in a category or group; exclude.
he excepted from his criticism a handful of distinguished writers
excited
Adjective
1
very enthusiastic and eager.
they were excited about the prospect
excitement
Noun
1
a feeling of great enthusiasm and eagerness.
her cheeks were flushed with excitement
excuse
Verb
1
attempt to lessen the blame attaching to (a fault or offense); seek to defend or justify.
he did nothing to hide or excuse Jacob’s cruelty
2
release (someone) from a duty or requirement.
it will not be possible to excuse you from jury duty
Noun
1
a reason or explanation put forward to defend or justify a fault or offense.
there can be no possible excuse for any further delay
executive
Adjective
1
having the power to put plans, actions, or laws into effect.
an executive chairman
Noun
1
a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organization.
account executives
2
the person or branch of a government responsible for putting policies or laws into effect.
exhibit
Verb
1
publicly display (a work of art or item of interest) in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
only one sculpture was exhibited in the artist’s lifetime
2
manifest or deliberately display (a quality or a type of behavior).
he could exhibit a saintlike submissiveness
Noun
1
an object or collection of objects on public display in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
the museum is rich in exhibits
exhibition
Noun
1
a public display of works of art or items of interest, held in an art gallery or museum or at a trade fair.
an exhibition of French sculpture
2
a display or demonstration of a particular skill.
fields that have been plowed with a supreme exhibition of the farm worker’s skills
3
(in sports) a game whose outcome does not affect a team’s standing, typically one played before the start of a regular season.
an exhibition game
existence
Noun
1
the fact or state of living or having objective reality.
the plane was the oldest Boeing remaining in existence
expand
Verb
1
become or make larger or more extensive.
their business expanded into other hotels and properties
expect
Verb
1
regard (something) as likely to happen.
we expect the best
expectation
Noun
1
a strong belief that something will happen or be the case in the future.
reality had not lived up to expectations
expense
Noun
1
the cost required for something; the money spent on something.
we had ordered suits at great expense
Verb
1
offset (an item of expenditure) as an expense against taxable income.
up to $17,500 in capital expenditures can be expensed in the year they were incurred
expert
Adjective
1
having or involving authoritative knowledge.
he had received expert academic advice
Noun
1
a person who has a comprehensive and authoritative knowledge of or skill in a particular area.
a financial expert
explode
Verb
1
burst or shatter violently and noisily as a result of rapid combustion, decomposition, excessive internal pressure, or other process, typically scattering fragments widely.
a large bomb exploded in a park
2
(of a violent emotion or a situation) arise or develop suddenly.
tension that could explode into violence at any time
3
increase suddenly or rapidly in size, number, or extent.
the car population of Warsaw has exploded
4
show (a belief or theory) to be false or unfounded.
the myths that link smoking with glamour need to be exploded
expose
Verb
1
make (something) visible by uncovering it.
at low tide the sands are exposed
2
reveal the true, objectionable nature of (someone or something).
he has been exposed as a liar and a traitor
Noun
1
a report of the facts about something, especially a journalistic report that reveals something scandalous.
a shocking exposé of a medical cover-up
express
Verb
1
convey (a thought or feeling) in words or by gestures and conduct.
he expressed complete satisfaction
Adjective
1
operating at high speed.
express elevators take you directly to the eighth floor
Adverb
1
by express train or delivery service.
I got my wife to send my gloves express to the hotel
Noun
1
an express train or other vehicle of public transportation.
we embarked for the south of France on an overnight express
expression
Noun
1
the process of making known one’s thoughts or feelings.
she accepted his expressions of sympathy
2
a look on someone’s face that conveys a particular emotion.
a sad expression
3
a word or phrase, especially an idiomatic one, used to convey an idea.
nowhere is the expression “garbage in, garbage out” any truer
extend
Verb
1
cause to cover a larger area; make longer or wider.
the Forest Service plans to extend a gravel road nearly a mile
2
hold (something) out toward someone.
I nod and extend my hand
3
exert or exercise oneself to the utmost.
you have to extend yourself to change rather than keep on doing the same thing
extent
Noun
1
the area covered by something.
an enclosure ten acres in extent
extreme
Noun
1
either of two abstract things that are as different from each other as possible.
unbridled talk at one extreme and total silence at the other
Adjective
1
reaching a high or the highest degree; very great.
extreme cold
2
furthest from the center or a given point; outermost.
the extreme northwest of Scotland
extreme
Adjective
1
reaching a high or the highest degree; very great.
extreme cold
2
furthest from the center or a given point; outermost.
the extreme northwest of Scotland
Noun
1
either of two abstract things that are as different from each other as possible.
unbridled talk at one extreme and total silence at the other
extremely
Adverb
1
to a very great degree; very.
this is an extremely difficult thing to do
facility
Noun
1
a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose.
cooking facilities
2
an ability to do or learn something well and easily; a natural aptitude.
he had a facility for languages
failure
Noun
1
lack of success.
an economic policy that is doomed to failure
2
the omission of expected or required action.
their failure to comply with the basic rules
3
the action or state of not functioning.
symptoms of heart failure
faith
Noun
1
complete trust or confidence in someone or something.
this restores one’s faith in politicians
2
strong belief in God or in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual apprehension rather than proof.
bereaved people who have shown supreme faith
fancy
Adjective
1
elaborate in structure or decoration.
the furniture was very fancy
Verb
1
feel a desire or liking for.
do you fancy a drink?
Noun
1
a feeling of liking or attraction, typically one that is superficial or transient.
this does not mean that the law should change with every passing fancy
2
the faculty of imagination.
my research assistant is prone to flights of fancy
fantastic
Adjective
1
INFORMAL
extraordinarily good or attractive.
they did a fantastic job
2
imaginative or fanciful; remote from reality.
fantastic hybrid creatures
farm
Noun
1
an area of land and its buildings used for growing crops and rearing animals, typically under the control of one owner or manager.
a farm of 100 acres
Verb
1
make one’s living by growing crops or keeping livestock.
he has farmed organically for five years
2
send out or subcontract work to others.
it saves time and money to farm out some writing work to specialized companies
fascinating
Adjective
1
extremely interesting.
fascinating facts
Noun
1
a popular trend, especially in styles of dress and ornament or manners of behavior.
his hair is cut in the latest fashion
2
a manner of doing something.
the work is done in a rather casual fashion
Verb
1
make into a particular or the required form.
the bottles were fashioned from green glass
Combining form
1
in the manner of something specified.
dog-fashion
fashionable
Adjective
1
characteristic of, influenced by, or representing a current popular trend or style.
fashionable clothes
fasten
Verb
1
close or do up securely.
the tunic was fastened with a row of gilt buttons
2
single out (someone or something) and concentrate on them or it obsessively.
the critics fastened upon two sections of the report
fault
Noun
1
an unattractive or unsatisfactory feature, especially in a piece of work or in a person’s character.
my worst fault is impatience
2
responsibility for an accident or misfortune.
it was his fault she had died
Verb
1
criticize for inadequacy or mistakes.
her colleagues and superiors could not fault her dedication to the job
favor
Noun
1
approval, support, or liking for someone or something.
the legislation is viewed with favor
2
an act of kindness beyond what is due or usual.
I’ve come to ask you a favor
Verb
1
feel or show approval or preference for.
slashing public spending is a policy that few politicians favor
feature
Noun
1
a distinctive attribute or aspect of something.
safety features like dual air bags
2
a newspaper or magazine article or a broadcast program devoted to the treatment of a particular topic, typically at length.
a feature on Detroit’s downtown fishery
Verb
1
have as a prominent attribute or aspect.
the hotel features a large lounge, a sauna, and a coin-operated solarium
federal
Adjective
1
having or relating to a system of government in which several states form a unity but remain independent in internal affairs.
fee
Noun
1
a payment made to a professional person or to a professional or public body in exchange for advice or services.
they were faced with legal fees of $3000
feed
Verb
1
give food to.
the raiders fed the guard dog to keep it quiet
2
cause to move gradually and steadily, typically through a confined space.
make holes through which to feed the cables
Noun
1
an act of giving food, especially to animals or a baby, or of having food given to one.
I’ve just given the horse her feed
feel
Verb
1
be aware of (a person or object) through touching or being touched.
she felt someone touch her shoulder
2
experience (an emotion or sensation).
I felt a sense of excitement
3
have a belief or impression, especially without an identifiable reason.
she felt that the woman positively disliked her
Noun
2
a sensation given by an object or material when touched.
nylon cloth with a cotton feel
fellow
2
a person in the same position, involved in the same activity, or otherwise associated with another.
he was learning with a rapidity unique among his fellows
Adjective
1
sharing a particular activity, quality, or condition with someone or something.
they urged the troops not to fire on their fellow citizens
festival
Noun
1
a day or period of celebration, typically a religious commemoration.
a tabulation of saints’ days and other festivals
fiction
Noun
1
literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people.
fighting
Noun
1
the action of fighting; violence or conflict.
terrible fighting broke out in the streets
Adjective
1
displaying or engaging in violence, combat, or aggression.
he was a fighting man
figure
Noun
1
a number, especially one which forms part of official statistics or relates to the financial performance of a company.
official census figures
2
a person’s bodily shape, especially that of a woman and when considered to be attractive.
she had always been so proud of her figure
Verb
1
be a significant and noticeable part of something.
the issue of nuclear policy figured prominently in the talks
file
Noun
1
a folder or box for holding loose papers that are typically arranged in a particular order for easy reference.
a file of correspondence
2
a line of people or things one behind another.
Plains Cree warriors riding in file down the slopes
Verb
1
place (a document) in a cabinet, box, or folder in a particular order for preservation and easy reference.
the contract, when signed, is filed
finance
Noun
1
the management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies.
the firm’s finance department
Verb
1
provide funding for (a person or enterprise).
the city and county originally financed the project
financial
Adjective
1
relating to finance.
an independent financial adviser
Noun
1
the finances or financial situation of an organization or individual.
he needs to pay serious attention to his financials, particularly cash flow
