201-300 Flashcards
crash
Verb
1
(of a vehicle) collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle.
the stolen car she was riding in crashed into a tree
Noun
1
a violent collision, typically of one vehicle with another or with an obstacle.
a car crash
Adjective
1
done rapidly or urgently and involving a concentrated effort.
a crash course in Italian
Adverb
1
with a sudden loud sound.
crash went the bolt
Cream
Noun
1
the thick white or pale yellow fatty liquid which rises to the top when milk is left to stand and which can be eaten as an accompaniment to desserts or used as a cooking ingredient.
strawberries and cream
2
a thick liquid or semisolid cosmetic or medical preparation applied to the skin.
shaving cream
3
the very best of a group of people or things.
the paper’s readership is the cream of American society
4
a very pale yellow or off-white color.
the dress is available in white or cream
Verb
1
work (two or more ingredients, typically butter and sugar) together to form a creamy paste.
you cream the butter first and then add the egg yolks
2
rub a cosmetic cream into (the skin).
Madge was creaming her face in front of the mirror
creation
Noun
1
the action or process of bringing something into existence.
job creation
2
the bringing into of existence of the universe, especially when regarded as an act of God.
the big bang was the moment of the Creation, and therefore the work of God
3
the action or process of investing someone with a new rank or title.
Edward’s generosity extended beyond the creation of earls
creature
Noun
1
an animal, as distinct from a human being.
night sounds of birds and other creatures
Noun
1
the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future.
I’ve got unlimited credit
3
public acknowledgment or praise, typically that given or received when a person’s responsibility for an action or idea becomes or is made apparent.
Verb
1
publicly acknowledge someone as a participant in the production of (something published or broadcast).
the screenplay is credited to one American and two Japanese writers
criminal
Noun
1
a person who has committed a crime.
these men are dangerous criminals
Adjective
1
relating to crime.
they are charged with conspiracy to commit criminal damage
crisis
Noun
1
a time of intense difficulty, trouble, or danger.
the current economic crisis
criterion
Noun
1
a principle or standard by which something may be judged or decided.
the launch came too close to violating safety criteria
critic
Noun
1
a person who expresses an unfavorable opinion of something.
critics say many schools are not prepared to handle the influx of foreign students
2
a person who judges the merits of literary, artistic, or musical works, especially one who does so professionally.
a film critic
Critical
Adjective
1
expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments.
he was critical of many U.S. welfare programs
2
expressing or involving an analysis of the merits and faults of a work of literature, music, or art.
she never won the critical acclaim she sought
3
(of a situation or problem) having the potential to become disastrous; at a point of crisis.
the flood waters had not receded, and the situation was still critical
criticism
Noun
1
the expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes.
he received a lot of criticism
2
the analysis and judgment of the merits and faults of a literary or artistic work.
alternative methods of criticism supported by well-developed literary theories
criticize
Verb
1
indicate the faults of (someone or something) in a disapproving way.
technicians were criticized for defective workmanship
2
form and express a sophisticated judgment of (a literary or artistic work).
a literary text may be criticized on two grounds: the semantic and the expressive
crop
Noun
1
a cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable.
the main crops were oats and barley
2
a group or amount of related people or things appearing or occurring at one time.
the current crop of politicians
Verb
1
cut (something, especially a person’s hair) very short.
she cropped her long golden hair
2
(of an animal) bite off and eat the tops of (plants).
the horse was gratefully cropping the grass
3
harvest (plants or their produce) from a particular area.
hay would have been cropped several times through the summer
cross
Noun
1
a mark, object, or figure formed by two short intersecting lines or pieces (+ or ×).
cut a cross in the bark with a sharp knife
3
an animal or plant resulting from crossbreeding; a hybrid.
a Devon and Holstein cross
Verb
1
go or extend across or to the other side of (a path, road, stretch of water, or area).
he has crossed the Atlantic twice
2
pass in an opposite or different direction; intersect.
the two lines cross at 90°
3
draw a line or lines across; mark with a cross.
cross the t’s
6
cause (an animal of one species, breed, or variety) to interbreed with one of another species, breed, or variety.
many animals of the breed were crossed with the closely related Guernsey
7
oppose or stand in the way of (someone).
no one dared cross him
Combining form
1
denoting movement or position across something.
cross-channel
crowd
Noun
1
a large number of people gathered together in a disorganized or unruly way.
a huge crowd gathered in the street outside
Verb
1
(of a number of people) fill (a space) almost completely, leaving little or no room for movement.
the dance floor was crowded with revelers
2
move too close to (someone).
don’t crowd her, she needs air
3
exclude someone or something by taking their place.
grass invading the canyon has crowded out native plants
crowded
Adjective
1
(of a space) full of people, leaving little or no room for movement; packed.
a very crowded room
crucial
Adjective
1
decisive or critical, especially in the success or failure of something.
negotiations were at a crucial stage
cruel
Adjective
1
willfully causing pain or suffering to others, or feeling no concern about it.
people who are cruel to animals
cupboard
Noun
1
a cabinet or small recess with a door and typically shelves, used for storage.
a kitchen cupboard
curly
Adjective
1
made, growing, or arranged in curls or curves.
my hair is just naturally thick and curly
currently
Adverb
1
at the present time.
the price is currently at a premium
current
Adjective
1
belonging to the present time; happening or being used or done now.
keep abreast of current events
Noun
1
a body of water or air moving in a definite direction, especially through a surrounding body of water or air in which there is less movement.
ocean currents
curtain
Noun
1
a piece of material suspended at the top to form a covering or screen, typically one of a pair at a window.
she drew the curtains and lit the fire
Verb
1
provide with a curtain or curtains.
is it OK if we only curtain the lower windows?
curve
Noun
1
a line or outline which gradually deviates from being straight for some or all of its length.
the parapet wall sweeps down in a bold curve
Verb
1
form or cause to form a curve.
her mouth curved in a smile
curved
Adjective
1
having the form of a curve; bent.
birds with long curved bills
custom
Noun
1
a traditional and widely accepted way of behaving or doing something that is specific to a particular society, place, or time.
the old English custom of dancing around the maypole
cycle
Noun
1
a series of events that are regularly repeated in the same order.
the boom and slump periods of a trade cycle
2
a complete set or series.
the painting is one of a cycle of seven
3
a bicycle or tricycle.
for the energetic, cycles may be hired
Verb
1
ride a bicycle.
she cycled to work every day
2
move in or follow a regularly repeated sequence of events.
economies cycle regularly between boom and slump
daily
Adverb
1
every day.
the museum is open daily
Adjective
1
done, produced, or occurring every day or every weekday.
a daily newspaper
danger
Noun
1
the possibility of suffering harm or injury.
his life was in danger
dangerous
Adjective
1
able or likely to cause harm or injury.
a dangerous animal
dark
Adjective
1
with little or no light.
it’s too dark to see much
2
(of a color or object) not reflecting much light; approaching black in shade.
dark green
Noun
1
the absence of light in a place.
Carolyn was sitting in the dark
date
Noun
1
the day of the month or year as specified by a number.
what’s the date today?
2
a social or romantic appointment or engagement.
a college student on a date with someone he met in class
Verb
1
establish or ascertain the date of (an object or event).
they date the paintings to 1460–70
2
indicate or expose as being old-fashioned.
disco—that word alone dates me
3
go out with (someone in whom one is romantically or sexually interested).
a few years ago, I dated the ex of a friend
Adjective
1
no longer alive.
a dead body
2
(of a place or time) characterized by a lack of activity or excitement.
Brussels isn’t dead after dark, if you know where to look
Adverb
1
absolutely; completely.
you’re dead right
deal
Verb
2
take part in commercial trading of a particular commodity.
directors were prohibited from dealing in the company’s shares
Noun
1
an agreement entered into by two or more parties for their mutual benefit, especially in a business or political context.
the band signed a major recording deal
3
a significant but unspecified amount of something.
he lost a great deal of blood
debate
Noun
1
a formal discussion on a particular topic in a public meeting or legislative assembly, in which opposing arguments are put forward.
last night’s debate on the Education Bill
Verb
1
argue about (a subject), especially in a formal manner.
the board debated his proposal
decent
Adjective
1
conforming with generally accepted standards of respectable or moral behavior.
the good name of such a decent and innocent person
2
of an acceptable standard; satisfactory.
people need decent homes
decision
Noun
1
a conclusion or resolution reached after consideration.
I’ll make the decision on my own
declare
Verb
1
say something in a solemn and emphatic manner.
“I was under too much pressure,” he declared
2
acknowledge possession of (taxable income or dutiable goods).
if you have something to declare customs officers will tell you the duty payable
3
announce that one holds (certain combinations of cards) in a card game.
decline
Verb
1
(typically of something regarded as good) become smaller, fewer, or less; decrease.
the birth rate continued to decline
2
politely refuse (an invitation or offer).
Caroline declined the coffee
Noun
1
a gradual and continuous loss of strength, numbers, quality, or value.
a serious decline in bird numbers
decorate
Verb
1
make (something) look more attractive by adding extra items or images to it.
the town was decorated with Christmas lights
2
confer an award or medal on (a member of the armed forces).
he was decorated for outstanding bravery
decoration
Noun
1
the process or art of decorating or adorning something.
the lavish decoration of cloth with gilt
2
a medal or award conferred as an honor.
a decoration won on the field of battle
decrease
Verb
1
make or become smaller or fewer in size, amount, intensity, or degree.
the population of the area has decreased radically
Noun
1
an instance or example of becoming smaller or fewer.
a decrease in births
deep
Adjective
1
extending far down from the top or surface.
a deep gorge
Noun
LITERARY
1
the sea.
denizens of the deep
Adverb
1
far down or in; deeply.
traveling deep into the countryside
deeply
Adverb
1
far down or in.
he breathed deeply
defeat
Verb
1
win a victory over (someone) in a battle or other contest; overcome or beat.
Arab armies defeated the Byzantine garrison
Noun
1
an instance of defeating or being defeated.
she had still not quite admitted defeat
define
Verb
1
state or describe exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of.
the contract will seek to define the client’s obligations
2
mark out the boundary or limits of.
the river defines the park’s boundary
definite
Adjective
1
clearly stated or decided; not vague or doubtful.
we had no definite plans
definitely
Adverb
1
without doubt (used for emphasis).
I will definitely be at the airport to meet you
definition
Noun
1
a statement of the exact meaning of a word, especially in a dictionary.
a dictionary definition of the verb
2
the degree of distinctness in outline of an object, image, or sound, especially of an image in a photograph or on a screen.
the clarity and definition of pictures can be aided by using computer graphics
deliberate
Adjective
1
done consciously and intentionally.
a deliberate attempt to provoke conflict
Verb
1
engage in long and careful consideration.
she deliberated over the menu
deliberately
Adverb
1
consciously and intentionally; on purpose.
the fire was started deliberately
2
in a careful and unhurried way.
slowly and deliberately he rose from the armchair
deliver
Verb
1
bring and hand over (a letter, parcel, or ordered goods) to the proper recipient or address.
the products should be delivered on time
2
provide (something promised or expected).
he had been able to deliver votes in huge numbers
5
save, rescue, or set someone or something free from.
deliver us from misery
delivery
Noun
1
the action of delivering letters, packages, or ordered goods.
allow up to 28 days for delivery
2
the process of giving birth.
injuries sustained during delivery
4
the manner or style of giving a speech.
her delivery was stilted
5
the supply or provision of something.
delivery of electricity at a specified price
demand
Noun
1
an insistent and peremptory request, made as if by right.
a series of demands for far-reaching reforms
Verb
1
ask authoritatively or brusquely.
“Where is she?” he demanded
demonstrate
Verb
1
give a practical exhibition and explanation of (how a machine, skill, or craft works or is performed).
computerized design methods will be demonstrated
2
clearly show the existence or truth of (something) by giving proof or evidence.
their shameful silence demonstrates their ineptitude
deny
Verb
1
state that one refuses to admit the truth or existence of.
they deny any responsibility for the tragedy
2
refuse to give or grant (something requested or desired) to (someone).
the inquiry was denied access to intelligence sources
department
Noun
1
a division of a large organization such as a government, university, business, or shop, dealing with a specific subject, commodity, or area of activity.
the English department
departure
Noun
1
the action of leaving, especially to start a journey.
the day of departure
depress
Verb
1
make (someone) feel utterly dispirited or dejected.
that first day at school depressed me
2
reduce the level or strength of activity in (something, especially an economic or biological system).
fear of inflation in America depressed bond markets
3
push or pull (something) down into a lower position.
depress the lever
depressed
Adjective
1
(of a person) in a state of general unhappiness or despondency.
depressing
Adjective
1
causing or resulting in a feeling of miserable dejection.
that thought is too depressing for words
desert
Verb
1
abandon (a person, cause, or organization) in a way considered disloyal or treacherous.
we feel our public representatives have deserted us
Noun
1
a dry, barren area of land, especially one covered with sand, that is characteristically desolate, waterless, and without vegetation.
Adjective
1
like a desert.
overgrazing has created desert conditions
desire
Noun
1
a strong feeling of wanting to have something or wishing for something to happen.
a desire to work in the dirt with your bare hands
Verb
1
strongly wish for or want (something).
he never achieved the status he so desired
desperate
Adjective
1
feeling, showing, or involving a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with.
a desperate sadness enveloped Ruth
despite
Preposition
1
without being affected by; in spite of.
he remains a great leader despite age and infirmity
Noun
ARCHAIC
1
outrage; injury.
the despite done by him to the holy relics
2
contempt; disdain.
the theater only earns my despite
dessert
Noun
1
the sweet course eaten at the end of a meal.
a dessert of chocolate mousse
detail
Noun
1
an individual feature, fact, or item.
we shall consider every detail of the Bill
2
a small detachment of troops or police officers given a special duty.
the candidate’s security detail
Verb
1
describe item by item; give the full particulars of.
the report details the environmental and health costs of the car
2
assign (someone) to undertake a particular task.
the ships were detailed to keep watch
detailed
Adjective
1
having many details or facts; showing attention to detail.
more detailed information was needed
detect
Verb
1
discover or identify the presence or existence of.
cancer may soon be detected in its earliest stages
determine
Verb
1
cause (something) to occur in a particular way; be the decisive factor in.
it will be her mental attitude that determines her future
2
ascertain or establish exactly, typically as a result of research or calculation.
the point of our study was to determine what is true, not what is practicable
3
firmly decide.
he determined on a withdrawal of his forces
determined
Adjective
1
having made a firm decision and being resolved not to change it.
Alice was determined to be heard
develop
Verb
1
grow or cause to grow and become more mature, advanced, or elaborate.
motion pictures developed into mass entertainment
2
start to exist, experience, or possess.
a strange closeness developed
development
Noun
1
the process of developing or being developed.
she traces the development of the novel
2
the process of starting to experience or suffer from an ailment or feeling.
the development of brittle bones
device
Noun
1
a thing made or adapted for a particular purpose, especially a piece of mechanical or electronic equipment.
a measuring device
2
a plan, method, or trick with a particular aim.
writing a public letter is a traditional device for signaling dissent
3
a drawing or design.
the decorative device on the invitations
diary
Noun
1
a book in which one keeps a daily record of events and experiences.
I resolved to keep a diary of events during the war
dig
Verb
1
break up and move earth with a tool or machine, or with hands, paws, snout, etc.
the boar had been digging for roots
2
push or poke something in or into.
he dug his hands into his pockets
Noun
1
an act or spell of digging.
a thorough dig of the whole plot
disappointed
Adjective
1
(of a person) sad or displeased because someone or something has failed to fulfill one’s hopes or expectations.
I’m disappointed in you, Mary
disappointing
Adjective
1
failing to fulfill someone’s hopes or expectations.
the team made a disappointing start
discipline
Noun
1
the practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience.
a lack of proper parental and school discipline
2
a branch of knowledge, typically one studied in higher education.
sociology is a fairly new discipline
Verb
1
train (someone) to obey rules or a code of behavior, using punishment to correct disobedience.
many parents have been afraid to discipline their children
discount
Noun
1
a deduction from the usual cost of something, typically given for prompt or advance payment or to a special category of buyers.
many stores will offer a discount on bulk purchases
Verb
1
deduct an amount from (the usual price of something).
current users qualify for a discounted price
Adjective
1
(of a store or business) offering goods for sale at discounted prices.
a discount drugstore chain
dishonest
Adjective
1
behaving or prone to behave in an untrustworthy or fraudulent way.
he was a dishonest hypocrite prepared to exploit his family
dislike
Verb
1
feel distaste for or hostility toward.
he was not distressed by the death of a man he had always disliked
Noun
1
a feeling of distaste or hostility.
they had taken a dislike to each other
disallow
Verb
1
order or allow to leave; send away.
she dismissed the taxi at the corner of the road
distribute
Verb
1
give shares of (something); deal out.
information leaflets are being distributed to hotels and guest houses
2
occur throughout an area.
the birds are mainly distributed in marshes and river valleys
distribution
Noun
1
the action of sharing something out among a number of recipients.
she had it printed for distribution among her friends
district
Noun
1
an area of a country or city, especially one regarded as a distinct unit because of a particular characteristic.
an elegant shopping district
divide
Verb
1
separate or be separated into parts.
consumer magazines can be divided into a number of different categories
2
disagree or cause to disagree.
the question had divided Frenchmen since the Revolution
Noun
1
a wide divergence between two groups, typically producing tension or hostility.
there was still a profound cultural divide between the parties
division
Noun
1
the action of separating something into parts or the process of being separated.
the division of the land into small fields
2
disagreement between two or more groups, typically producing tension or hostility.
a growing sense of division between north and south
document
Noun
1
a piece of written, printed, or electronic matter that provides information or evidence or that serves as an official record.
Verb
1
record (something) in written, photographic, or other form.
the photographer spent years documenting the lives of miners
domestic
Adjective
1
relating to the running of a home or to family relations.
domestic chores
2
existing or occurring inside a particular country; not foreign or international.
the current state of US domestic affairs
Noun
1
a person who is paid to help with menial tasks such as cleaning.
donate
Verb
1
give (money or goods) for a good cause, for example to a charity.
a portion of the proceeds will be donated to charity
double
Adjective
1
consisting of two equal, identical, or similar parts or things.
the double doors
1
twice as much or as many.
the jail now houses almost double the number of prisoners it was designed for
Adverb
1
at or to twice the amount or extent.
you have to be careful, and this counts double for older people
Noun
1
a thing which is twice as large as usual or is made up of two standard units or things.
join the two sleeping bags together to make a double
Verb
1
become twice as much or as many.
profits doubled in one year
doubt
Noun
1
a feeling of uncertainty or lack of conviction.
some doubt has been cast upon the authenticity of this account
Verb
1
feel uncertain about.
I doubt my ability to do the job
downstairs
Adverb
1
down a flight of stairs.
I went downstairs into the kitchen
Adjective
1
situated downstairs.
the downstairs bathroom
Noun
1
the ground floor or lower floors of a building.
the downstairs was hardly damaged at all
downtown
Downtown is a term primarily used in North America by English speakers to refer to a city’s sometimes commercial, cultural and often the historical, political and geographic heart.
downward
Adverb
1
toward a lower place, point, or level.
he was lying face downward
Adjective
1
moving or leading toward a lower place or level.
a downward trend in inflation
dozen
Noun
1
a group or set of twelve.
a dozen bottles of sherry
2
an exchange of insults engaged in as a game or ritual among black Americans.
Noun
2
a preliminary version of a piece of writing.
the first draft of the party’s manifesto
3
a current of cool air in a room or other confined space.
heavy curtains at the windows cut out drafts
4
the action or act of pulling something along, especially a vehicle or farm implement.
5
a written order to pay a specified sum; a check.
6
a single act of drinking or inhaling.
she downed the remaining beer in one draft
7
the depth of water needed to float a ship.
the shallow draft enabled her to get close to shore
Adjective
2
denoting beer or other drink that is kept in and served from a barrel or tank rather than from a bottle or can.
draft beer
3
denoting an animal used for pulling heavy loads.
draft oxen
Verb
1
prepare a preliminary version of (a document).
I drafted a letter of resignation
2
select (a person or group of people) and bring them somewhere for a certain purpose.
he was drafted to help with the task force on best safety practices
3
pull or draw.
drag
Verb
1
pull (someone or something) along forcefully, roughly, or with difficulty.
we dragged the boat up the beach
2
(of time, events, or activities) pass slowly and tediously.
the day dragged—eventually it was time for bed
Noun
1
the action of pulling something forcefully or with difficulty.
the drag of the current
drama
Noun
1
a play for theater, radio, or television.
a gritty urban drama about growing up in Harlem
2
an exciting, emotional, or unexpected series of events or set of circumstances.
a hostage drama
