3 Structure IDs- Spine (Muscles/Ligaments)

Question 1

Anterior longitudinal

Answer 1

Attachments: to anterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Function: stabilizes vertebral column and prevents hyperextension

Question 2

Posterior longitudinal

Answer 2

Attachments: to posterior surfaces of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs

Function: prevents hyperflexion of the vertebral column

Question 3

Ligamentum flavum

Answer 3

Attachments: interconnect adjacent laminae

Function: resist terminal flexion between vertebrae

Question 4

Supraspinous ligament

Answer 4

Attachments: to apices of spinous processes C7 to sacrum

Question 5

Interspinous ligament

Answer 5

Attachments: interconnect adjacent spinous processes

Question 6

Intertransverse ligament

Answer 6

Attachments: interconnect adjacent transverse processes

Question 7

Ligamentum nuchae

Answer 7

Attachments: from C7 spinous process to external occipital protuberance with slips to intervening spinous processes

Function: attachment for cervical muscles

Question 8

Transverse (cruciate) of atlas

Answer 8

Attachments: from lateral mass to lateral mass of atlas

Function: maintains integrity of articulation between dens and anterior arch of the atlas

Question 9

Tectorial membrane

Answer 9

Expansion of PLL

Attachments: from the posterior surface of axial body to anterior margin of the foramen magnum

Function: supports atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints

Question 10

Alar

Answer 10

Attachments: from dens to medial aspect of the occipital condyles

Function: limits rotation of the median atlanto-axial joint

Question 11

Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Answer 11

Attachments: from anterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone

Function: supports atlanto-occipital joints and helps limit extension of the head

Question 12

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane

Answer 12

Attachments: from posterior arch of the atlas to the adjacent occipital bone

Function: supports atlanto-occipital joints

Question 13

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 13

3 lumbar layers (posterior, middle, anterior)

Posterior: attaches to spinous processes and passes posterior to the erector spinae muscles to fuse with the middle layer

Middle: attaches to transverse processes and passes posterior to quadratus lumborum m.

Anterior: attaches to transverse processes and passes anterior to quadratus lumborum to fuse with the middle layer and form the aponeurotic origin of the transverse abdominis muscle

Question 14

Erector spinae

Answer 14

Attachments: from TLF attached to sacrum, iliac crest, spinous processes L5-T11, supraspinous lig., angles of ribs to costal angles (iliocostalis), ribs and transverse processes (longissimus), and spinous processes (spinalis)

1. Spinalis: thoracis, cervicis, capitis (represented as semispinalis capitis)
2. Longissimus: capitis, cervicis, thoracis
3. Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum

Actions: extension & lateral flexion of the vertebral column

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 15

Semispinalis (transversospinales group)

Answer 15

Attachments: from transverse processes to distant superoor spinous processes
1. Semispinalis: capitis, cervicis, thoracis

Actions: extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 16

Multifidus (transversospinales group)

Answer 16

Attachments: from sacrum, posterior SI ligament, posterior iliac spine, transverse processes to more superior spinous processes
Multifidus: sacral, lumbar, cervical

Actions: extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 17

Rotatores longus & brevis (transversospinales group)

Answer 17

Attachments: transverse to spinous process of vertebra above (1-2 levels)

Actions: extension & contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 18

Interspinales

Answer 18

Attachments: between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae; cervical (6), thoracic (2-3), lumbar (4)

Action: extension of spine

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 19

Intertransversarii

Answer 19

Attachments: between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae

Action: lateral flexion of spine

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 20

Splenius cervicis

Answer 20

Attachments: from spinous processes of T3-6 to posterior tubercles of transverse processes of first 3 cervical vertebrae

Actions: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 21

Splenius capitis

Answer 21

Attachments: from ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes T4-C7

Actions: extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Innervation: dorsal rami of spinal nn.

Question 22

Longus colli

Answer 22

Attachments: from anterior tubercles and bodies T3-C3 to anterior tubercles and bodies C6-C1

Actions: flexion, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nn. (C2-7)

Question 23

Longus capitis

Answer 23

Attachments: from anterior tubercles C3-C6 to basilar portion of occipital bone

Actions: flexion, ipsilateral rotation

Innervation: ventral rami of spinal nn. (C1-3)