1 Structure IDs- Back & Pec (Muscles/Ligaments)

Question 1

Latissimus Dorsi (C6-8)

Answer 1

Attachments: from lower thoracic spinous processes, thoracolumbar fascia and iliac crest to the floor of the tubercular sulcus of the humerus

Actions: adduction, extension and medial rotation of humerus

Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve

Question 2

Levator scapulae (C4-5)

Answer 2

Attachments: from transverse processes of C1-C4 to the superior angle and superomedial border of the scapula

Actions: elevation and downward rotation of the scapula

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (sensory; direct branches of C3-C4)

Question 3

Pectoralis major (clavicular head C5-6; sternocostal head C7-T1)

Answer 3

Attachments: from clavicle, costal cartilages, sternum and aponeurosis of the external oblique to the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Actions: humeral adduction, flexion and medial rotation (sternocostal portion assists with extension of the flexed arm)

Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 4

Rhomboids (C4-5)

Answer 4

Attachments: major- from spinous processes T2-5; minor: from ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes C7-T1 to the medial border of the scapula

Actions: scapular retraction, elevation (upper) and downward rotation

Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (sensory: direct branches of C3-4)

Question 5

Serratus anterior (C5-7)

Answer 5

Attachments: from the outer surfaces and superior borders of upper eight-ten ribs to the costal surface of the medial border of the scapula

Actions: scapular protraction and upward rotation

Innervation: long thoracic nerve

Question 6

Subclavius (C5-6)

Answer 6

Attachments: from 1st rib and cartilage to the undersurface of the clavicle

Actions: depresses and stabilizes the clavicle

Innervation: subclavian nerve

Question 7

Trapezius (accessory nerve [CN XI] motor; C3-4 sensory)

Answer 7

Attachments: from the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, cervical and thoracic spinous processes to the clavicle, acromion and scapular spine

Actions: scapular elevation (upper), depression (lower), retraction (middle) and upward rotation (upper and lower)

Innervation: accessory nerve (CN XI; motor) and C3-4 (sensory)

Question 8

Pectoralis minor (C5-T1)

Answer 8

Attachments: from outer surfaces of ribs 3-5 to the coracoid process

Actions: anterior tilt of scapula; assists with depression of the shoulder and forced inspiration

Innervation: medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 9

Deltoid (C5-6; anterior, middle and posterior portions)

Answer 9

Attachments: from the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Actions: flexion and medial rotation (anterior), abduction (primary middle), extension and lateral rotation, horizontal extension (posterior) of humerus

Innervation: axillary nerve

Question 10

Supraspinatus (C4-6)

Answer 10

Attachments: from the medial 2/3 of the supraspinous fossa to the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to the shoulder joint capsule

Actions: initiates humeral abduction and laterally rotates humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint (reinforces superior aspect of joint capsule)

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Question 11

Infraspinatus (C5-6)

Answer 11

Attachments: from the medial 2/3 of the infraspinous fossa to the middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to the shoulder joint capsule

Actions: lateral rotation of humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Innervation: suprascapular nerve

Question 12

Teres minor (C5-6)

Answer 12

Attachments: from the upper 2/3 of the dorsal surface of the lateral border of the scapula to the inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to the shoulder joint capsule

Actions: lateral rotation of the humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Innervation: axillary nerve

Question 13

Subscapularis (C5-6)

Answer 13

Attachments: from the subscapular fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

Actions: medial rotation of humerus; stabilizes glenohumeral joint

Innervation: upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 14

Teres major (C5-6)

Answer 14

Attachments: from the dorsal surface of the inferior angle scapula and lower 1/3 of the lateral border of the scapula to the medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Actions: humeral adduction, medial rotation and extension

Innervation: lower subscapular nerve

Question 15

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 15

Provides fascial attachment for the latissimus dorsi muscle, covers the deep muscles of the back, attaching to both spinous and tranverse processes and splitting to surround the erector spinae and quadratus lumborum muscles; upper portion of gluteus maximus attach to it as well

Question 16

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Answer 16

Function: stabilizes acromioclavicular joint limiting medial displacement, protraction and elevation

Trapezoid: attachments: from coracoid process to trapezoid line of clavicle

Conoid: attachments: from coracoid process to conoid tubercle of clavicle

Question 17

Acromioclavicular

Answer 17

Function: stabilizes acromioclavicular joint

Attachments: from superior aspect of acromial end of clavicle to adjacent acromion

Question 18

Coracoacromial

Answer 18

Function: prevents the superior displacement of the humeral head forming the coracoacromial arch

Attachments: from lateral border of coracoid process to acromion adjacent to clavicular articulation

Question 19

Coracohumeral

Answer 19

Function: reinforces superoanterior aspects of joint capsule

Attachments: from base of coracoid process to anterior aspect of greater tubercle

Question 20

Costoclavicular

Answer 20

Function: stabilizes sternoclavicular joint, limiting elevation of the clavicle

Attachments: from superior aspect of cartilage of first rib to undersurface of the clavicle

Question 21

Superior transverse scapular

Answer 21

Function: closes off the suprascapular notch

Attachments: from the base of the coracoid process to the medial edge of the scapular notch

Question 22

Glenoid capsule

Answer 22

Attachments: from the base of the coracoid process to the medial edge of the scapular notch

Question 23

Glenohumeral (three ligaments; superior, middle, inferior)

Answer 23

Function: stabilizes glenohumeral articulation

Attachments: from upper part of medial margin of glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle and anatomical neck