3. self Flashcards
The self or self-concept (Rogers)
an aspect of our experience of the world.
- represents an organized and consistent pattern of perceptions
- a personality structure
-
rogers two main theories
- self actualization theory and
perceptions
actual self
ideal self
- actual, how to percieve ourselves
- ideal:
there has to be some sort of congruence between them
perceptions
actual self
ideal self
- actual, how to percieve ourselves
- ideal: idealized version how u wish you were
there has to be some sort of congruence between them
what if you are not congruent with ur actual and ideal self
- u dont feel congruent
- act in defensive processes
- such as denial
- distortion : oh i cheated on the test cuz evryone cheated so uhhhh its ok
why do we feel the need to deny and distort when feeling incongruent? why not just be incongruent and be ok?
- we have ways to classify ourselves and if there is disorder between that, we lose a sense and perception of who we are and we dont be fucking with that.
self consistency
basic need that we need to self actualize ourselves.
need for positive regard
- essential for child development in the early stages
- conditions of worth: we define our worth based on how well our actions match up with what is expected of us
need for positive regard
conditions of worth
- essential for child development in the early stages
- conditions of worth: we define our worth based on how well our actions match up with what is expected of us
subseption
- sort of unconscious/intuitive process of realizing that theres some type of incongruence in our self concept that then leads to distortion and denial
phenomenological field approach
- space of perceptions that makes up our meaning we attach to things. so we only live in our subjective bubble of our own reality. and the self concept is a prominent figure in this field.
johnny example with mom and baby sis
- johnnys mom gets baby sister
- doesnt give him love at all anymore
- so he starts acting the way she wanted him to in order to fulfill the need for positive regard
- later in life he feels insecure
- this is because there is no congruence between the actual and ideal self
humanistic approach to therapy
gestalt therapy
- environment that is based on equal terms
- works on the positive traits that shoulda been given to the individual in their childhood
- person or client centered therapy
critiques
- theory is good in sowing that personality is active and not just something that happens to us which is what skinner and freud sorta do
- very optimistic theory
- rogers was only one who explored phenomenological field
- cons: too global and too vague to be properly considered.
- does not pay attention to inheritable characteristics
Social cognitive theory
bandura and Mischel
- we learn in a social conext
critiques of rogers
- theory is good in sowing that personality is active and not just something that happens to us which is what skinner and freud sorta do
- very optimistic theory
- rogers was only one who explored phenomenological field
- cons: too global and too vague to be properly considered.
- does not pay attention to inheritable characteristics
self-efficacy
- the belief someone has about ones abilities and successes.
ppl with strong self efficacy feel less fearful - beliefs on how well u can perform a task
difference between self esteem and self efficacy
- esteem is more generalized, efficacy is how well u believe you can do in a specific context
microanalytic research
- primary method of how SCT is used to do research on the theory
- example in order to find out whether someone si good at drawing, they would not ask oh are u good at drawing, the would ask micro questions like can u draw a tree can u draw etc..
reciprocal determinism
interaction between 3 components
- behavior
- environment (our interpretation of env factors, ex: im tryna go to the market but it rains. if i decide to go anyways it means i really wanna go but if i decide to stay in, the intensity of the rain will increase in my head ad ill be like naa)
personality
cognitive affective processing system
- connections and emotions are really linked to each other
modeling
- imitation:
- identification : general broad patterns of behavior, see an idol, try to be like them and act like they would.
- modeling : learning more of a general rule like oh if im done playing i should clean my toys.
- modeling
dont get the difference
- imitation:
- identification : general broad patterns of behavior, see an idol, try to be like them and act like they would.
- modeling : learning more of a general rule like oh if im done playing i should clean my toys.
requirements of observational learning
- attention
- retention
- reinforcement
critiques of bandura
- pros: determines that ppl can change depending on situation, focuses on cognitive aspects.
cons: limitted focus on unconscious thoughts and emotions.
fully functioning person?
someone who is self actualizing
congruence
actions align with your perceived self
conditioned positive regard
condition of worth
- Ppl are only judged as worthy if conditions are fulfilled
- Can interfere with self actualization foe example if ur an aspiring artist but ur family wants u to help with the family business so u give up your dream. (Self-actualization is blocked by ur parents condition of worth)
Conditions of self regard:
we only accept ourselves on the condition that
incongruence
conflict between self and experiences inconsistent with self for example you identify urself as a kind person but then you lash out at someone. This results in anxiety
subsception
becoming aware of situation that threatens your self concept before it enters awareness so it leads you to activate your defense mechanisms
organismic valuing process
organism evaluates if self actualization is happening, if not, senses something is wrong
contingent self worth
same as conditions of self regard we only accept ourselves when we fulfil contions by ourselves
difference between conditions of worth and conditions of self regard
conditions of worth: conditional positive regard from others
self regard: conditional positive regard from you
distortion
when you try to distort reality to ease the anxiety. “i got a bad grade cuz the teacher is shit”
denial
deny what is making u feel bad all together
self-handicapping
purposefully creating situations that lead you to failure so you can blame it on that
jenny goes out one night before her exam so she can blame it on that instead of the fact
reciprocal determinism
principle that personal, environmental, and behavioral factors constantly influence each other
vicarious reinforcement
- seeing how ppl get rewarded or punished for doing something. increase or decrease likelihood youll do i too
4 steps to observational learning
attention
retention
production: producing observation into own actions
performance
3 ways of observational learning
- modeling: learning by observing behav of others
- imitation: copying
- identification: copying persons entire behavioral patterns
