1. inner drives Flashcards
according to freud, define conscious
part of the mind that refers to what we are aware of right now. example:
according to Freud, define preconscious
thoughts that can be brought to awareness easily
- ex: recalling the last movie you watched or your friends phone number
according to freud, define unconscious
a part of the mind that is not directly accessible to awareness. source of desires and as a storage for urges, feelings, and ideas that are tied to anxiety, conflict, or pain.
describe the Topographical Model of mind
- material can pass easily back and forth between and conscious and preconscious mind
- material can also move from the conscious and preconscious into the unconscious
- once material goes to the unconscious tho, a person is prevented from having access to it because a mental gate prevents retrieval.
what is delay of gratification?
what happens if someone is unable to delay gratification?
- a key function of the ego is to delay gratification of impulses and urges until a later time.
- (work now get paid later)
- predicts use of cigs, alc, drugs, criminality
Freud’s Structural Model of personality
ID
- functions entirely in the unconscious
follows the PLEASURE PRINCIPLE: all needs should be satisfied immediately. - original component of personality
- all inherited, instinctive, primitive aspects of personality
- satisfies needs via the PRIMARY PROCESS: forming an unconscious mental image of an object or event that would satisfy the need.
Freud’s Structural Model of personality
EGO
- makes sure that the id’s impulses are expressed effectively by taking into account the external world
- also functions in the unconscious given its ties to the id
follows the REALITY PRINCIPLE: taking into account external reality along with internal needs and urges. - goal of ego is to delay the discharge of the id’s tension until an appropriate context is formed
- uses the SECONDARY PROCESS: matching the unconscious image of a tension-reducing object to a real object. until said object is found, ego keeps the tension in check.
Freud’s Structural Model of personality
SUPEREGO
- final aspect of personality
- the embodiment of parental and societal values.
- to avoid pain, punishment, and rejection, kid avoids what the parent thinks is wrong. this process of taking in the norms is called introjection.
- its divided into two subsystems 1. ego ideal makes rules for good behavior and standards for excellence. 2. conscience comprises rules about what behaviors the parents disapprove of and punish. doing these things cause the conscience to make u feel guilty. thus the ego ideal reflects things to strive for and conscience reflects things to avoid.
- EGO IDEAL: part of superego that represents perfection and rewards for good behavior.
- operates at all 3 levels of conscience.
catharsis
the release of emotional tension (lashing out)
manifest content
latent content
- i did this i did that
- is metaphorical which shows hidden messages from the unconscious (freud was more interested in this)
Freud’s technique to bring unconscious thoughts back to the conscious?
- dream analysis
whatever u dream, write it in a notebook when u wake up. dreams will show you - free association
therapist allows ppl to just talk and then they will try and find links between why person is feeling the way they are
motivational determinism
- everything is motivated and everything has a reason
all our actions come from some type of motivation
freudian slip
- an error in speech that seems to link the true desires of the unconscious
libido and eros
- libido is sort of the energy eros gives it
- example of how those 3 forces interact with each other
- elaborate on this
example of how those 3 forces interact with each other
- id would love to take those 20 bucks
- superego says its wrong
- ego needs to mediate ok first we will ask around and if we don’t find the owner maybe we take it
example of how those 3 forces interact with each other
- id would love to take those 20 bucks
- superego says its wrong
- ego needs to mediate ok first we will ask around and if we don’t find the owner maybe we take it
(ego is actually ok with doing bad things if you dont get caught, then superego needs to intervene and be like YO CMON)
moral anxiety
conflict between ego and superego
types of anxiety:
objective/reality anxiety
- ur scared cuz this is actually something to be scared
neurotic anxiety
- fear of losing control no matter if there is a threat or not
- unconscious fear that the urges of the ID will take control
- were not scared of doing bad things (our ID impulse) were scared of getting caught
- ex fear of marriage falling apart as a result of ur actions
moral anxiety
- i did something against my morals and now I am anxious about it
3 types of anxiety
objective
neurotic
moral
defense mechanisms
- projection,
- denial, totally refuse to
- reaction formation, reacts opposite to how person is feeling
- rationalization, tries to make unreasonable feelings seem acceptable and reasonable
defense mechanisms
- projection,
- denial, totally refuse to accept theres something wrong
- reaction formation: reacts opposite to how person is feeling
- fundamental attribution error:
- rationalization, tries to make unreasonable feelings seem acceptable and reasonable
defense mechanism: sublimation
u express ur feelings and emotions in a social acceptable way for example working out or making art, ur just
defense mechanism: projection
- we tend to see the traits we hate about urselves in others
- we can hate them rather than hating ourselves
- similar to projection, false consensus effect: tendency to think that others will act and are similar to themselves.
defense mechanism: displacement
- risky to tell husband she doesn’t love him, so she gets mad and beats children because that is a less risky thing to do to get her energy out
defense mechanism: reaction formation
- in attempt to prevent lashing out, ppl tend to do the opposite of how they feel
- being overly nice to the boss u hate
defense mechanism:
rationalization
generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable
- bf breaks up with gf ans she tells her friends oh i never liked him that much anyways
defense mechanism: displacement
- unacceptable impulses redirected from its original source
- risky to tell husband she doesn’t love him, so she gets mad and beats children because that is a less risky thing to do to get her energy out
defense mechanism:
rationalization
generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable
- bf breaks up with gf ans she tells her friends oh i never liked him that much anyways
defense mechanism:
denial
- in contrast to repression, a person in denial will insist that things are not how they really seem.
- refusing to see the facts
fixation
- when we are not able to move to the next stage of psychosexual development
2 reasons for fixations
severe deprivation or overindulgence
psychosexual development:
oral stage
1-18 months
-
anal stage
- 18 months to 3 years old
- how ur parents help u get potty trained
- fixation : sloppy and dirty or when person cleans their house too much
Phalic stage
- discovering u have a penis or there lack of
3-5 years old - identification where boys start becoming more like their father to avoid castration anxiety
- love mother through the values of the father.
- girls experience penis envy, this causes women to hate mom for taking it away
- electra complex
- fixations: difference sexual attitudes, person becomes really flirtatious. or you do not want to have sex at all.
latency period
- 6 years to early teens
- oedipus and electra complex should be solved thru this
- less focus on sexual development but kids learn more about general stage
critique on freud’s theories of psychosexual development
- based his beliefs on science but it was mainly sociology
- his ideas were so evasive you could not really test them
- sexism and homophobia
critique on freud’s theories of psychosexual development
- theory is not falsifiable. strong theory can be proved right or wrong.
- based his beliefs on science but it was mainly sociology
- his ideas were so evasive you could not really test them
- sexism and homophobia
critique on freud’s theories of psychosexual development
- Freud’s ideas have likely been distorted by translation and cultural distance
- theory is not falsifiable. strong theory can be proved right or wrong.
- based his beliefs on science but it was mainly sociology
- his ideas were so evasive you could not really test them
- sexism and homophobia
conscience vs conscious
- conscience: part of superego that punishes violations of moral standards
- conscious part of mind that holds what you are currently aware of.
latent content
- the underlying sources of symbolic dream images
- symbolic in nature. reveals unconscious
4 parts of freud’s topographical model of mind
conscious
preconscious
unconscious
motivated unconscious
motivated unconscious
returning urge from unconscious that manifests itself in dreams or freudian slip
what are the two types of dream content
- manifest content
2. latent content
manifest content
usual content of dreams based on what a person did.
difference between dream analysis and free association
- dream analysis: making links and associations from dreams
- free association: a person just sits there and word vomits. later what was said and how it was said is interpreted
psychoanalytic approach
- personality is mainly unconscious
motivated determinism
every behavior and thought is motivated. it comes from somewhere
what principles do each work off of
id
ego
superego
- pleasure
- reality
- moral
what level of consciousness do they operate on
id
ego
superego
- unconscious
- conscious but sometimes a bit in unconscious since its a bit tied to id
- all levels of consciousness
3 types of anxiety
objective
neurotic
moral
neurosis
when our defense mechanisms fail, uncosncious impulses are revealed like freudian slips. when that happens we have a negative reaction and repress those feelings even more causing a vicious cycle
