3: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Flashcards
Define obstructive sleep apnea
Transient collapse of pharyngeal airway during sleep causing apneoic episodes. That are resolved by partial arousal
In which gender is OSA more common
Female
What are 3 causes of OSA
- Enlarged tongue: hypothyroidism, acromegaly
- Disrupted passage of air: enlarged tonsils, deviated nasal septum
- Obesity
What are 3 causes of enlarged tongue
hypothyroidism
acromegaly
anyloidosis
What is main risk factor OSA
Obesity
What substances can increase apneoic episodes in OSA
B-blockers
Alcohol
Sedatives
What are two other risk factors for OSA
FH
Smoking
What is the stereotypical presentation for OSA
middle-age man presents with daytime somnolence. Partners states he snores and has episodes where he stops breathing
What is somnolence
Excessive day-time sleepiness
What are symptoms of OSA
- Irregular snoring with apnoea episodes
- Somnolence
- Morning headache
- Restlessness
- Poor concentration
- Reduced libido
- Nocturia
What is criteria for OSA
more than 5 apnoea episodes in one-hour
what is first line investigation for OSA
scales to assess tiredness
what scale can be used to determine somnolence
Epworth sleepiness scale
what is multiple sleep latency test
times how long it takes the individual to fall asleep in a dark room
what test is diagnostic of OSA
polysomnography
