Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Respiratory > 1: COPD > Flashcards

1: COPD Flashcards

1
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic condition characteristic by airway obstruction with little or no reversibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two conditions comprise COPD

A

Emphysema

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define emphysema

A

Dilation pulmonary air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define chronic bronchitis

A

Presence of cough for at least 3-months each year for at least two consecutive years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In which gender is COPD more common

A

Male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are 4 risk factors for COPD

A
  • Smoking (90%)
  • Air pollution
  • Occupational exposure
  • Recurrent infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two genetic conditions increase risk of COPD

A

A1 anti-trypsin deficiency

Kartenger syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When should a1-anti trypsin deficiency be suspected

A
  • COPD in patient under 45 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does a1 anti-trypsin deficiency also cause

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is kartenger syndrome

A

Primary ciliary dyskinesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is kartenger syndrome associated with

A

Situs invertus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What pack-years increases risk of COPD by 80-90%

A

30 pack years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are symptoms of COPD

A
  • Productive cough worse in mornings
  • Exertional dyspnoea then becomes chronic dyspnoea
  • Wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are signs of COPD

A
  • Pursed lip breathing
  • Barrel chest
  • Use accessory muscles
  • Reduced cricosternal distance (less than 3cm)
  • Decrease chest expansion
  • Hyper-resonant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is NOT a sign of COPD

A

Nail clubbing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

If a person with COPD has nail clubbing, what should be suspected

A

Lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does chronic hypoxia in COPD cause

A

Pulmonary HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the risk with pulmonary hypertension

A

Puts strain on right-side of the heart leading to cor pulmonale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does cor pulmonate present

A
  • Distent neck veins
  • Peripheral Oedema
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Parasternal Heave
  • Loud P2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How was COPD divided

A

Pink puffers

Blue Bloaters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What condition dominated in pink puffers

A

emPhysema = Pink Puffers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What pathology underlies pink puffers

A

Increased alveolar ventilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Explain ABG in pink puffers

A

Normal PaO2 and PaCO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What condition predominated in blue bloaters

A

Bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Describe pathophysiology of blue bloaters
Decrease alveolar ventilation
26
What Gas abnormality is present in blue bloaters
Low Oxygen | High CO2
27
Explain clinical presentation of blue bloaters
Cyanosed but not breathless
28
Explain clinical presentation of pink puffers
Breathless, but not cyanosed
29
What is typically first-investigation of COPD
Clinical
30
When should COPD be suspected clinically
patients over 35 with a risk factor (smoking) and one of: - productive cough - wheeze - regular sputum - exertional dyspnoea
31
What test is used to confirm COPD
Spirometry
32
What criteria is used to grade COPD based on spirometry
GOLD criteria
33
What is stage I (Mild COPD)
FEV/FVC <0.7. FEV1 >80%
34
What is stage 2 (Moderate COPD)
FEV/FVC <0.7. FEV1: 50-80%
35
What is stage 3 (Severe COPD)
FEV/FVC <0.7. FEV1: 30-50%
36
What is stage 4 (Very Severe COPD)
FEV/FVC <0.7. FEV1: <30%
37
Why is a CXR usually performed in COPD
Exclude lung cancer
38
What may be seen on CXR in COPD
- Bullae | - Flat hemidiaphragm
39
What can be seen on FBC in COPD
Flattened hemidiaphragm | Bullae
40
Why is BMI measured in COPD
Due to other RF for CVD
41
What conservative management is offered to all patients with COPD
1. Smoking cessation 2. Pulmonary Rehabilitation = offered to all individuals that see themselves as functionally disabled by COPD 3. Pneumococcal, Influenza vaccine
42
What is first-line management for COPD
SABA or SAMA
43
What decides second stage management of COPD
Whether an individual has features of steroid responsiveness
44
What are 4-features of steroid responsiveness
1. High eosinophils 2. Previous asthma diagnosis 3. FEV1 varies by more than 400ml over time 4. Diurnal variation PEF by 20%
45
If individuals have features of steroid responsiveness what is given second-line
LABA and ICS
46
If individuals do not have features of steroid-responsiveness, what is given second line
LABA and LAMA
47
What is third-line for COPD
LABA, LAMA, ICS
48
What is fourth line for COPD
Theophylline
49
What antibiotics are given in COPD
Azithromycin
50
What should be performed before azithromycin and why
ECG - as macrolide can increase QT interval
51
What is considered in individuals with chronic productive cough
Mucolytics
52
What may be given if severe dyspnoea
LTOT (Long-Term Oxygen Therapy)
53
What is indication for lung volume reduction surgery
If dyspnoea is affecting the persons life and bull occupies more than a 1/3 on CT-scan
54
When considering LTOT what is step-1
Assess patient
55
When is a patient assessed for LTOT
- PEF less than 30 (Considered if 30-50) - Polycythaemia - Peripheral Oedema - Raised JVP - Oxygen saturations less than 92%
56
Describe assessing a patient for LTOT
Assessment is made by ABG on two occasions at-least 3 weeks apart
57
What are the criteria for LTOT
1. PaO2 less than 7.3kPa 2. PaO2 of 7.3-8kPa and one of: - Secondary polycythaemia - Pulmonary HTN - Peripheral Oedema
58
If individual has PaO2 of 7.3-8 what other criteria must be met for LTOT
One Of: - Polycythaemia - Pulmonary HTN - Peripheral Oedema
59
When should LTOT NOT be offered
If individual continues to smoke despite smoking cessation services offered
60
What 3 factors improve survival in COPD
LTOT Lung volume reduction surgery Smoking cessation
61
What are 4 complications of COPD
``` Infective exacerbation Pneumothorax Pulmonary HTN Cor Pulmonale Polycythaemia ```

Respiratory (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions