Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMLS > 3 MIDTERMS - CLINICAL MICRO > Flashcards

3 MIDTERMS - CLINICAL MICRO Flashcards

1
Q
  • For overall evaluation of renal function
  • Permits a detailed, in-depth assessment of
    renal status with an easily obtained specimen.
  • Serves as a quick indicator of an individual’s
    glucose status and hepatic or biliary function.
A

URINALYSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • A test used to check how well the kidneys are
    working. Specifically, it estimates how much
    blood passes through the glomeruli each
    minute.
A

GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE (GFR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tests Performed in Routine Urinalysis:

A
  • Specimen collection
  • Physical examination
  • Chemical examination
  • Microscopic examination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

TYPE OF SPECIMEN
– Most preferred sample
particularly for protein analysis; more
concentrated from overnight retention in the
bladder.

A
  • Early morning urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

TYPE OF SPECIMEN

Collected any time of the day;
for routine analysis.

A
  • Random urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

TYPE OF SPECIMEN

– For glucose
determination.

A
  • Fasting/Post-prandial urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

TYPE OF SPECIMEN

– For clearance test.

A
  • Timed urine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

– Relates to eating of food

A

Prandial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

measures the glucose
level after having a meal or eating. 2 hours after eating,
urine sample for testing postprandial glucose level is
taken. At least 75 grams of carbohydrates.

A

Postprandial urine glucose test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

– From 24 hr urine

A

Creatinine clearance test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

measures the glucose
level after having a meal or eating. 2 hours after eating,
urine sample for testing postprandial glucose level is
taken. At least 75 grams of carbohydrates.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

METHOD OF COLLECTION OF URINE

A
  • Clean midstream catch
  • Catheterization

Keeping your labia spread open, urinate a small
amount into the toilet bowl, then stop the flow of
urine. Hold the urine cup a few inches (or a few
centimeters) from the urethra and urinate until the cup
is about half full.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

SPECIMEN HANDLING
* Must be analyzed within ___ of collection
(room temperature).
* If delayed: Ref at ___°C for not more than 8
hour

A

1 hour
2-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

EFFECTS OF UNPRESERVED URINE
* Bacterial multiplication will cause ____

A

false positive
(+) nitrite test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • pH alkalinization: leads to cast degeneration
    and red cell lysis
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

: leads to cast degeneration
and red cell lysis

A
  • pH alkalinization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

  • A rough indication of the state of hydration of
    an individual.
  • The ___ of the urine, the more
    concentrated it will be. This signals that one
    has to drink plenty of water because he/she
    may already be dehydrated.
A
  1. COLOR

darker the color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

  • Has little diagnostic significance and is not
    included in the routine laboratory result.
  • Urine is ___
  • Suggestive of the freshness of the urine sample
A

ODOR

aromatic

19
Q

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

  • Also known as clarity or transparency
  • Refers to the degree of cloudiness in a urine
  • Depends on the pH and the presence of
    dissolved solids
A

TURBIDITY

20
Q

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

  • Indicates balance between fluid ingestion and
    water lost from lungs, sweat and intestines
A

VOLUME

21
Q

Optimal volume for accurate ru

A

10-12 mL aliquot

22
Q

Absence of urine output

A

Anuria

23
Q

Scanty urine excretion

A

Oliguria

24
Q

Excessive urine excretion

A

Polyuria

25
Q

Normal adult volume

A

750-2000 mL/24 hr

25
Q

Normal adult volume

A

750-2000 mL/24 hr

26
Q

SPECIFIC GRAVITY
* Normal values:

A

1.005 – 1.030

26
Q
  • Indication of the density of a fluid depending
    on the concentration of dissolved total solids.
  • Marker of the amount of
    hydration/dehydration of an individual.
  • The darker the urine, the ___
  • Urinometer and refractometer
A

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

higher its specific gravity.

27
Q

___ SG = Diabetes mellitus, congestive heart
failure, dehydration, adrenal
insufficiency, liver disease, and nephrosis
___ SG = Diabetes insipidus, pyelonephritis, and
glomerulonephritis

A

High
Low

28
Q
  • Refers to the logarithm of the hydrogen ion
    concentration.
  • A quantity representing the power to which a
    fixed number (the base) must be raised to
    produce a given number.
A

pH

29
Q
  • Chemical test:
    Ø Acidity – Ph
A

less than 7

29
Q

Ø Alkalinity– Ph

A

greater than 7

29
Q
  • Contains test pads impregnated with reagents
    that specifically react with a test analyte and
    register a specified color change.
  • Change in color in the pad is then compared to
    a comparator chart to determine the result.
A

REAGENT STRIP METHOD

30
Q
  • Average of at least 10 microscopic fields
A

CELLULAR ELEMENTS

31
Q
  • Average count per high power field
  • Glomerulonephritis, severe exercise, menstrual
    blood contamination, and renal calculi
    obstruction
A

RBC: “HEMATURIA”

32
Q
  • Average count per high power field
  • Pyelonephritis, UTI, and inflammation
A

WBC : “PYURIA”

33
Q
  • Cells sloughed off the lining of the nephrons
    and urinary tract.
A

EPITHELIAL CELLS

34
Q
  • Formed by the precipitation of urine salts
    subjected to changes in pH, temperature or
    concentration
  • May collect and aggregate together to form
    renal stone or “calculus”
    Ø Crystine
    Ø Calcium oxalate
    Ø Uric acid
    Ø Triple-Phosphate (Struvite)
A

CRYSTALS: “CRYSTALLURIA”

35
Q
  • Formed within distal convoluted tubule and
    collecting duct.
  • Hyaline, granular, and cellular
A

CASTS

36
Q

MISCELLANEOUS ELEMENTS
Often encountered in urine of both
male and female but are usually not
reported (sexual intercourse or
nocturnal emissions).

A

Spermatozoa

37
Q

Protein material produced by
glands and epithelial cells in the
genitourinary tract.
Thread-like structures with low
refractive index requiring
observation under subdued light

A

Mucus threads

38
Q

Gram (-) coliforms Escherichia coli
and Proteus sp.

A

Bacteria

39
Q

Enterobius vermicularis,
Trichomonas vaginalis, Schistosoma
haematobium

A

Parasites

40
Q

Budding RBC-like cells (diabetes
mellitus and vaginal moniliasis).

A

Yeast cells
(Candida
albicans)

PMLS (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions