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PMLS > 2 MIDTERMS - HEMATOLOGY > Flashcards

2 MIDTERMS - HEMATOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q
  • Scientific study of blood and its component
    Help physicians diagnose abnormalities in the
    blood.
A

HEMATOLOGY

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2
Q
  • Standard procedure of blood collection using
    lancets & needles of varying gauges.
A

PHLEBOTOMY

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3
Q

Types of phlebotomy:
– capillaries

A

Skin puncture

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4
Q

Types of phlebotomy:
- veins

A

Ø Venipuncture

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5
Q

Types of phlebotomy:
– arteries

A

Ø Arterial puncture

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6
Q

Pale yellow liquid- intravascular/extracellular
* Water, sugar, fat, protein and salt solution

A

plasma

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7
Q

55% of a normal human’s blood volume

A

plasma

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8
Q
  • Transports RBC, WBC and platelets
    through the blood vessels
  • Remove waste products of metabolism
A

plasma

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9
Q
  • Anucleated cells produced from the bone
    marrow
A

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

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10
Q

Transport oxygen (lungs à tissues)
Ø Transport carbon dioxide (back to
lungs)

A

RED BLOOD CELLS (ERYTHROCYTES)

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11
Q

gas transporting protein molecule

A

Hemoglobin

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12
Q

– low number of RBCs

A

Anemia

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13
Q

– high number of RBCs

A

Ø Polycythemia

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14
Q

RBC in a test tube is called:

A

Hematocrit

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15
Q

Normal Hematocrit in female

A

37% - 47%

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16
Q

Normal Hematocrit in male

A

42% - 52%

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17
Q
  • Nucleated cells that lacks hemoglobin
  • Acts as defense against infection
A

WHITE BLOOD CELLS (LEUKOCYTES)

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18
Q
  • Most numerous
  • Multi-lobed nucleus
  • Pale lilac granules
A

NEUTROPHIL

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19
Q

Function:
Ø Immune defense – Protects the body
from infection by killing and ingesting
bacteria, fungi and foreign bodies.

A

NEUTROPHIL

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20
Q
  • Spherical nucleus
  • “Robin’s egg blue” cytoplasm
A

LYMPHOCYTE

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21
Q

– cellular immune response

22
Q

– antibody production

23
Q

–kills cancer cells

A

Ø NK cells

24
Q
  • Usually with a bilobed nucleus
  • Granules stain bright reddish-orange
A

EOSINOPHIL

25
Q
  • Functions:
    Ø Defense against parasites
    Ø Activate allergic response
A

EOSINOPHIL

26
Q
  • With purple-blue granules
27
Q
  • Functions:
    Ø Inflammatory response
    Ø Involved in allergic response
28
Q
  • Kidney-shaped or horse shoe-shaped nucleus
29
Q

– Marks out cells that are
antigens (foreign bodies) that should be destroyed by lymphocytes.

A

Dendritic cell

30
Q

– Acts as antigenpresenting cells; larger and lives longer than neutrophils. They will present
antigens by digesting the pathogen
and place a remnant of the antigen on
their surface and present it to
lymphocytes for recognition.

A

Macrophage

31
Q
  • Cell fragments
32
Q
  • Function:
    Ø Form clots during injury to prevent
    blood from leaking out
33
Q

TESTS PERFORMED IN HEMATOLOGY SECTION
* Sample:
* Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Ø Hemoglobin
Ø Hematocrit
Ø Red blood cell count
Ø White blood cell count
Ø Platelet count/estimate
Ø RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)

A

Whole blood and blood films

34
Q

TESTS PERFORMED IN HEMATOLOGY SECTION
* Complete Blood Count (CBC)

A

Ø Hemoglobin
Ø Hematocrit
Ø Red blood cell count
Ø White blood cell count
Ø Platelet count/estimate
Ø RBC indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)

35
Q

Procedures performed in the Hema Section:

A
  1. Counting the number or concentration of cells
  2. Determining the relative distribution of various
    types of cells
  3. Measuring biochemical abnormalities of the
    blood
  4. Hemostasis and coagulation assays
36
Q

– Iron-containing oxygen
transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells.

A

Hemoglobin

37
Q
  • Reference Method
  • Reagent:_____
  • Principle: Oxidation of ferrous iron to ferric by
    potassium ferricyanide – Methemoglobin
    Methemoglobin converted to cyanmethemoglobin with cyanide ions
  • Instrument: _____
A

CYANMETHEMOGLOBIN METHOD
* Reagent: Drabkin’s Reagent
* Instrument: Spectrophotometer (540 nm)

38
Q
  • Utilizes cyanmethemoglobin method with
    modified Drabkin’s reagent
A

AUTOMATED HEMOGLOBINOMETRY

39
Q

HemoCue method
* Modified azidemethemoglobin reaction
* Reagent: ____________

A

POINT-OF-CARE (POC) HEMOGLOBIN ASSAY
Reagent: sodium nitrite and sodium azide

40
Q
  • Also known as packed cell volume (PCV) or
    erythrocyte volume fraction (EVF).
  • For evaluation or treatment of anemia and
    determine presence of nutritional deficiencies.
A

HEMATOCRIT DETERMINATION

41
Q

Methods of Hematocrit Determination:

  • Manual procedure
  • Blood collection method: skin puncture
  • Spin a blood-filled capillary tube using a
    microhematocrit centrifuge
A

SPUN MICROHEMATOCRIT

42
Q

Methods of Hematocrit Determination:

Computed from the mean cell volume and the
red cell count.
* Advantage: Not affected by trapped plasma
that is why it has slightly lower values than
manual.

43
Q

– Anticoagulated venous blood
as sample in automated Hematocrit Determination:

43
Q

BLOOD CELL COUNT – MANUAL
Requirements:

A
  1. White blood cells count diluting fluid
  2. Microscope
  3. Thoma white pipette
  4. Hematocytometer and coverslip
  5. Alcohol pads
43
Q

BLOOD CELL COUNT – AUTOMATED

  • Hydrodynamic focusing method
  • Uses laser light in cell counting and sizing
A
  1. OPTICAL DETECTION
44
Q

BLOOD CELL COUNT – AUTOMATED

  • Also known as Coulter Principle
  • Sizing and counting of particles is based on
    changes in electrical resistance creating
    voltage pulses.
A
  1. ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE
45
Q

– Young RBCs without nucleus
but still bears cytoplasmic RNA

A
  • Reticulocytes
46
Q
  • Determines how the bone marrow produce and
    release new RBCs to compensate lost/damaged
    RBCs.
    Blood film is stained with ____
A

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

Blood film is stained with supravital stain.

47
Q
  • Rate at which RBCs fall in a column in
  • Non-specific test for inflammation
  • Reference Method: ____
  • Anticoagulant: ____
  • Time of testing: ____
A

ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE
* Reference Method: Westergren Method
* Anticoagulant: sodium citrate
* Time of testing: One hour

48
Q
  • Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial
    Thromboplastin Time (APTT)
  • Coagulation testing
  • Detect abnormalities in hemostasis
  • Anticoagulant: ____
  • Sample: _____
A

PLASMA COAGULATION ASSAYS
* Anticoagulant: sodium citrate
* Sample: Plasma only

PMLS (10 decks)

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