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Angielski > 3. Locomotion > Flashcards

3. Locomotion Flashcards

1
Q

szkielet

A

skeleton

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2
Q

skeleton

A

= a set of 206 fused and individual bones of the body

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3
Q

muscle

A

= contractile tissue that produces force and sets the attached bones in motion

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4
Q

bone

A

= type of rigid and dense connective tissue that constitutes the endoskeleton of the human body

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5
Q

chrząstka

A

cartilage

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6
Q

ścięgno

A

tendon

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7
Q

cartilage

A

= a flexible connective tissue found in the joints between bones, the ribcage, the ear and the nose, etc, not as hard and rigid as bone but stiffer and less flexible than muscle

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8
Q

tendon

A

= a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone

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9
Q

więzadło

A

ligament

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10
Q

ligament

A

= a string of fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones

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11
Q

bones

A

= structures that support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells minerals and come in various shapes and structures

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12
Q

joint

A

= the location at where two or more bones make contact, articulate, that allows movement and provides support; this might be either movable or immovable

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13
Q

connective tissue

A

=tkanka łączna
= a group of tissue in the body that maintains the form of the body and its organs and provides organization and internal support

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14
Q

stanowić

A

constitute

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15
Q

fascia

A

= powięź
= a connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels, and nerves, binding those structures together

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16
Q

sztywny

A

rigid

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17
Q

gęsty, zbity

A

dense

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18
Q

kurczliwy

A

contractile

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19
Q

szew

A

suture

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20
Q

suture

A

= an immovable joint found in the skull

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21
Q

articulation

A

= a movable joint

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22
Q

axial skeleton

A 
= szkielet osiowy
= a structure that consists of 80 bones along the central axis of the human body; it is composed of the human skull, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column
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23
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

= szkielet kończyn
= a structure that is composed of 126 bones, which is joined to yet another type of skeleton; functionally it is involved in locomotion and manipulation of objects in the enviroment

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24
Q

szpik

A

marrow

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25
Q

marrow

A

= soft, flexible tissue found in the interior of bones that produces new blood cells

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26
Q

obręcz

A

girdle

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27
Q

girdle

A

= an encircling or ring-like structure that attaches either the upper (pectoral) or the lower (pelvic) limbs to the axial skeleton

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28
Q

ribcage

A

= a bony and cartilaginous structure which surrounds the thoracic cavity and supports pectoral girdle, forming a core portion of the human skeleton

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29
Q

floating ribs

A

= wolne żebra

= four atypical ribs that are attached to the vertebrae only, and not to the sternum

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30
Q

compact bone

A

the cells of this type of bone appear to be tightly packed together into solid mass and are found on the outside of bones
they make up the hard outer layer that gives bones their smooth white appearance

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31
Q

kość zbita

A

compact bone

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32
Q

kość gąbczasta

A

spongy bone

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33
Q

spongy bone

A

= the type of bone that has large open spaces and fills the interior of bones

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34
Q

superior

A

a part is above another part, or closer to the head

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35
Q

inferior

A

a part is below another part, or closer to the feet

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36
Q

anterior, ventral

A

a part is towards the front (surface) of the body

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37
Q

posterior, dorsal

A

a part is towards the back

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38
Q

front or towards the front of the body

A

anferior, ventral

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39
Q

back or towards the back of the body

A

posterior, dorsal

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40
Q

proximal

A

a part is closer to the point of attachment, or closer to the thrunk of the body than another part

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41
Q

distal

A

a part is further away from the point of attachment than another part

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42
Q

medial

A

a part is towards, or nearer the midline of the body

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43
Q

lateral

A

a part is towards, or nearer the side, away from the midline of the body

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44
Q

superficial, external

A

a part is located on the nearer the surface

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45
Q

deep, internal

A

a part is away from the surface

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46
Q

outer

A

external

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47
Q

inner

A

internal

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48
Q

visceral

A

= trzewny

refers to internal organs of the covering the organs

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49
Q

trzewny

A

visceral

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50
Q

parietal

A

refers to the wall of a body cavity

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51
Q

prone

A

lying on the stomach, face down

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52
Q

supine

A

lying on the back, face up

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53
Q

komora oka

A

chamber of the eye

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54
Q

rogówka

A

cornea

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55
Q

mm. dwugłowy ramienia

A

biceps brachii

bends arms at the elbows

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56
Q

mm. prosty uda

A

rectus femoris

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57
Q

mm. żwacz

A

masseter

is important to chew

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58
Q

przepona

A

diaphragm

is essential for breathing

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59
Q

mm. okrężny oka

A

orbicularis oculi

blink eyes

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60
Q

mm. ramienny

A

musculus brachialis

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61
Q

mm. trójgłowy ramienia

A

triceps brachii

extends the forearm

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62
Q

mm. mostkowo-obojczykowo-sutkowy

A

sternocleidomastoid muscle

raise your head

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63
Q

mm. piersiowy większy/mniejszy

A

pectoralis major/minor muscle

is important when you pull or throw

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64
Q

mm. międzyżebrowy

A

intercostal muscle

assists in beathing

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65
Q

mm. skośny zewnętrzny

A

external oblique

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66
Q

mm. skroniowy

A

temporalis

helps you to close your mouth

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67
Q

mm. czołowy

A

frontalis

raise eyebrows

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68
Q

mm. okrężny ust

A

orbicularis oris

close lips/ talk, whistle

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69
Q

mm. naramienny

A

deltoid

moves arms away from the body

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70
Q

mm. najszerszy grzbietu

A

latissimus dorsi muscle

extens arms and is important in playing tennis or swimming

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71
Q

mm. pośladkowy wielki

A

gluteus maximus

extends the thigh and is important in running and climbing

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72
Q

mm. czworogłowy uda

A

quadriceps femoris muscle

extends the knee and helps to get up from a chair

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73
Q

mm. dwugłowy uda

A

biceps femoris muscle

flexing the knee and extending the thigh

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74
Q

mm. piszczelowy przedni

A

tibialis anterior muscle

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75
Q

mm. brzuchaty łydki

A

gastrocnemius = calf muscle

is important in walking, running and standing on tiptoe

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76
Q

ścięgno Achillesa, piętowe

A

calcaneal tendon

if injured makes it very painful or even impossible to walk

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77
Q

mm. prosty brzucha

A

rectus abdominis muscle

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78
Q

mm. krawiecki

A

sartorius

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79
Q

encompass

A

=obejmować, zawierać

include, cover

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80
Q

functions of the musculoskeletal system

A 
provides body movement
protects the internal organs
gives the body form and structure
respiration
production of body heat
maintenance of posture
communication
heartbeat
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81
Q

functions of bones

A

support, protection, movement, blood cell manufacture, mineral storage

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82
Q

functions of cartilage

A

cushion = amortyzacja
friction reduction = spadek tarcia
attachment at joints

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83
Q

core

A

= rdzeń

main part, centre, basis

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84
Q

outward

A

external, superficial

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85
Q

alignment

A

position, arrangement

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86
Q

lever

A

handle
lift
= dźwignia, drążek

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87
Q

armour

A

shield, protective covering

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88
Q

encase

A

surround, enclose

=przykryć/ zakryć/ pokryć

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89
Q

cushion

A

protect, shield

= amortyzować

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90
Q

deflect

A

= odpierać, odwracać
turn aside
deny

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91
Q

bellows

A

lungs

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92
Q

arise from

A

come from, stem from

= wynikać z

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93
Q

sinewy

A

strong, lean

- muskularny

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94
Q

examples of flat bones

A

shoulder blade = scapula

pelvis = hip bones

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95
Q

jelito kręte

A

ileum

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96
Q

kielich, kielichy

A

calyx - calyces

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97
Q

paliczek - paliczki

A

phalanx - phalanges

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98
Q

zwój, zwoje

A

ganglion - ganglia

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99
Q

surowica

A

serum

100
Q

rzepka

A

patella

= kneecap

101
Q

zadrapanie

A

scratch

102
Q

bieżnia

A

treadmill

103
Q

naciągnąć mięsień

A

strain (pull) a muscle

104
Q

kuleć

A

limp

105
Q

zwichnięty bark, ramię

A

dislocated shoulder

106
Q

odrętwiały

A

numb

107
Q

potknąć się

A

trip

108
Q

krwotok z nosa

A

nosebleed

109
Q

czuć mrowienie

A

have pins and needles

110
Q

skręcona kostka

A

twisted ankle = sprained ankle

111
Q

zaczerwieniony

A

reddened

112
Q

myśleć, sądzić, przypuszczać

A

I reckon/ I think/ I suppose it may be

113
Q

wybity palec

A

jammed (stubbed) finger

114
Q

obita kość ogonowa

A

bruised tailbone

115
Q

wstrząśnienie mózgu

A

concussion

116
Q

stłuczenie

A

contusion

117
Q

pain

A

unpleasant physical sensation, a feeling of physical suffering resulting from an injury or a disease
be in pain

118
Q

ache

A

continous pain that is unpleasant but not very strong,

headache, backache, toothache

119
Q

to ache

A

to be painful, to hurt

120
Q

discomfort

A

very mild pain, a feeling of being physically uncomfortable

121
Q

sore (adj)

A

= bolesny, tkliwy
painful and uncomfortable because of an indury or infection or in case of muscles too much use
ex. sore throat

122
Q

sore (n)

A

a painful area on the surface of the body

123
Q

bolesny - niebolesny

A

painful - painless

124
Q

ból

A

ache
pain
soreness

125
Q

adjectives to describe severity of pain

A 
mild
moderate
bad
intense
bearable/ unbearable
severe
dreadful - potworny, okropny
excruciating - nieznośny, rozdzierający
agonising
126
Q

rozdzierający ból

A

excruciating pain

127
Q

adjectives to describe frequency of pain

A 
frequent
recurrent
chronic
constant
continous
incessant - stały
intermittent = comes and goes
persistent
128
Q

adjectives to describe character of pain

A 
acute
dull
pulsating
burning - peptic ulcers
gnawing
scalding - shingles
gripping - heart angina
sharp
shooting - herniated disc
cramping - labour contractions
stabbing - "knife-like"
crushing
throbbing
drilling
piercing
tingling
129
Q

tępy ból

A

dull pain

130
Q

gryzący ból

A

gnawing pain

131
Q

piekący ból

A

scalding pain

132
Q

pulsujący ból

A

throbbing/ pulsating pain

133
Q

wiercący ból

A

drilling pain

134
Q

mrowienie

A

tingling

135
Q

przenikliwy ból

A

piercing pain

136
Q

rwa kulszowa

A

sciatica, sciatic pain

137
Q

przepuklina krążka międzykręgowego, “wypadnięty dysk”

A

herniated disc

138
Q

półpasiec

A

shingles

139
Q

uśmierzać ból

A

relieve/alleviate/reduca pain

140
Q

mieszać, ingerować

A

interfere

141
Q

zapalenie osierdzia

A

percarditis

142
Q

pogarszać, zaostrzać

A

exacerbate

143
Q

upośledzenie wątroby

A

liver impairment

144
Q

bolesne miesiączkowanie

A

dysmenorrhea

145
Q

uzależniający

A

habit-forming, addictive

146
Q

gęsty/

A

dense

147
Q

stanowić/budować szkielet

A

constitute the endoskeleton

148
Q

rozciągliwy

A

flexible

149
Q

włóknisty

A

fibrous

150
Q

struna/pasmo

A

string

151
Q

łączyć struktury

A

bind structures together

152
Q

chrzęstny

A

cartilaginous

153
Q

jama płucna

A

thoracic cavity

154
Q

kluczowa część

A

core portion

155
Q

obręcz barkowa

A

pectoral girdle

156
Q

okrążający

A

encircling

157
Q

pierścieniowaty

A

ring-like

158
Q

skóra właściwa

A

dermis/ true skin

159
Q

ciecz wodnista

A

aqueous humour

160
Q

stać na palcach

A

stand on tiptoe

161
Q

prostować

A

extend

162
Q

ścięgno udowe

A

hamstring

163
Q

mocno/trwale

A

firmly

164
Q

ratować od potknięcia/upadku

A

prevent from tripping

165
Q

baza/ podłoże

A

foundation

166
Q

kotwiczący

A

anchoring

167
Q

pęcherzyk płucny

A

alveolus - alveoli

168
Q

mięsak

A

sarcoma - sarcomata

169
Q

otwór

A

foramen - foramina

170
Q

stomia

A

stoma - stomata

171
Q

krtań

A

larynx - larynges

172
Q

komórka jajowa

A

ovum - ova

173
Q

światło

A

lumen - lumina

174
Q

zjawisko

A

phenomenon - phenomena

175
Q

jądro

A

testis - testes

176
Q

opona mózgowa

A

meninx - meninges

177
Q

gruczolak

A

adenoma - adenomata

178
Q

rzepka

A

patella - patellae

179
Q

wesołe miasteczko

A

funfair

180
Q

zderzenie czołowe

A

head-on collision

181
Q

lunatyk

A

night-walker

182
Q

walnąć o

A

bang against

183
Q

drążek kierownicy

A

steering column

184
Q

wyślizgnąć się

A

slip out of

185
Q

przechodzić

A

go over

186
Q

spuchnięty

A

swollen

187
Q

uraz kręgosłupa szyjnego spowodowany szarpnięciem

A

whiplash

188
Q

potknąć się o

A

stumble on

189
Q

siniak

A

bruise

190
Q

guz

A

bump

191
Q

szwy

A

stitches

192
Q

ból podczas siedzenia

A

pain upon sitting

193
Q

budowlaniec

A

builder

194
Q

biegunka

A

diarrhoea

195
Q

głębokie rozcięcie

A

deep cut

196
Q

obojczyk

A

collarbone

197
Q

być obolałym

A

to ache all over

198
Q

osiadać/ znikać

A

subside

199
Q

ustępować/ przestać działać

A

wear off

200
Q

wiązka laserowa

A

laser beam

201
Q

znośny =/= nieznośny

A

bearable =/= unbearable

202
Q

rozsadzający ból głowy

A

splitting headache

203
Q

w agonii

A

agonising

204
Q

rozpaczliwy/potworny

A

excruciating

205
Q

straszny

A

dreadful

206
Q

ostry

A

acute
intense
severe
sharp

207
Q

umiarkowany

A

moderate

208
Q

palący ból

A

burning pain

209
Q

nawracający

A

recurrent

210
Q

przewlekły

A

chronic

211
Q

stały

A

constant

continuous

212
Q

gryzący ból

A

gnawing pain

213
Q

chwytający ból

A

gripping pain

214
Q

nieprzerwany

A

incessant

215
Q

nagły/ strzelający

A

shooting pain

216
Q

skurczowy ból

A

cramping pain

217
Q

przerywany/ okresowy

A

intermittent

218
Q

dźgający

A

stabbing

219
Q

miażdżący

A

crushing

220
Q

natarczywy

A

persistent

221
Q

mrowienie

A

tingling

222
Q

wrzód trawienny

A

peptic ulcer

223
Q

skurcze

A

contractions

224
Q

niepokojący

A

disstressing

225
Q

zespół cieśni nadgarstka

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

226
Q

zdrętwienie

A

numbness

227
Q

wyściółka

A

lining

228
Q

przepisany lek

A

prescribed drug

229
Q

paliatywny

A

palliative

230
Q

przeciwwskazany

A

contraindicated

231
Q

pasować

A

suit

232
Q

zakrzepowy

A

clotting

233
Q

pozajelitowo

A

parenterally

234
Q

rekreacyjny

A

recreational

235
Q

przeciwgorączkowy

A

antipyretic

236
Q

reduktor

A

reducer

237
Q

przeciwkaszlowy

A

antitussive

238
Q

leki przeciwbólowe

A

analgesics

239
Q

obwodowy

A

peripheral

240
Q

opioid

A

opiate

241
Q

właściwości przeciwbiegunkowe

A

antidiarrheal properties

242
Q

choroba wieńcowa

A

coronary artery disease

243
Q

zawał serca

A

myocardial infraction

244
Q

zatem

A

thus

245
Q

salicylany

A

salicylates

246
Q

NLPZ

A

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

247
Q

zakrzepica

A

thrombosis

Angielski (14 decks)

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