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Neuro Unit 3 > 3 Limbic System > Flashcards

3 Limbic System Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the original limbic lobe?

A

isthmus- junctional region near the splenium of the corpus callosum between the cingulate and parahippocampal gyro.

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2
Q

Does The medial fringe of cortex have granule layers?

A

No largely agranular–lacks prominent layer II and IV

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3
Q

Does the limbic lobe receive direct sensory input from the thalamus?

A

no

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4
Q

Does the limbic lobe receive multimodal sensory from primary and association cortices?

A

yes

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5
Q

What is the limbic lobe reciprocally connected with?

A

amygdala

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6
Q

Do most areas have direct and indirect connections with the hypothalamus?

A

Yes

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7
Q

What is the limbic zone?

A

ventral striatum nucleus accumbens and ventral caudate are the targets of the limbic lobe

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8
Q

Are all areas of the limbic lobe largely weakly connected?

A

No heavily

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9
Q

What provide the main cortical input to the hippocampus?

A

entorhinal and perirhinal cortices [Part of parahippocampus–both areas receive multimodal sensory inputs]

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10
Q

Patients with lesions affecting the posterior parahippocampal gyrus cannot recognize what?

A

scenes or landmarks [entorrhinal is prominently involved in organizing spatial information]

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11
Q

What area of the parahippocampus may be multimodal memory storage?

A

perirhinal

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12
Q

What is the insula covered by?

A

the opercula

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13
Q

Does the insula have granular zones? Types of zones?

A

Yes- granular, dysgranular, and agranular

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14
Q

The granular and dysgranular zones of the insula receive input from where?

A

VPMpc (taste)
VPLpc/VPI (visceral)
posterior thalamus (pain)

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15
Q

What zone in the insula is reciprocally connected with the amygdala?

A

agranular zone [multimodal zone]

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16
Q

What is the sensory cortex of the limbic system?

A

insula

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17
Q

What is a small zone of medial frontal lobe beneath the genu, has prominent projections to the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus and midbrain?

A

infralimbic cortex

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18
Q

Is the infra limbic cortex visceromotor or viscerosensory?

A

visceromotor although it does receive visceral related inputs

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19
Q

Has the infra limbic cortex shown involvement in sadness and effects of antidepressants?

A

yes

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20
Q

What is a large block of cortex extending from the rostrum to the splenium?

A

cingulate

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21
Q

What cingulate region has its own motor area? what is it a major target for? What role does it largely have?

A
  1. anterior region
  2. anterior thalamic nuclei
  3. social role
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22
Q

Lesions to the anterior cingulate leads to?

A

loss of social embarassment

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23
Q

The more posterior portion of the cingulate is involved in?

A

self reference

24
Q

What is the key cortical region in representing spatial or context dependent memory?

A

retrosplenial area of the cingulate cortex

25
Q

Patients eith Lesions to the retrosplenial area cannot do what?

A

place themselves in environmental context–lose ability to navigate

26
Q

What is a mass of gray matter lying in the temporal lobe deep to the uncut?

A

the amygdala

27
Q

T-F- the amygdala is a single uniform structure?

A

False

28
Q

What main components make up the amygdala?

A

basal and lateral
central
corticomedial

29
Q

T-F the basal and lateral components of the amygdala are not cortical like?

A

false they are

30
Q

What component of the amygdala resembles the striatum?

A

the central part

31
Q

What amygdala components are closely linked and thought to be key structures involved in the learning and expression of emotional behaviors?

A

basal and central

32
Q

T-F the basal component of the amygdala sends axons to structures involved in the midbrain, pons, and medulla that generate stereotypic responses to unpleasant or threatening stimuli?

A

False, the central component does this

33
Q

What component of the amygdala resembles the 5 layered entorhinal cortex and parts of the hippocampus?

A

corticomedial component

34
Q

What amygdala component plays a large role in sexual behavior and is very different from other components?

A

corticomedial component

SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC

35
Q

T-F the corticomedial component of the amygdala receives input from the olfactory system and the lateral hypothalamus?

A

False–olfactory yes but it is OUTPUT to the MEDIAL hypothalamus

36
Q

Lesions to corticomedial component might lead to what>

A

problems with sexuality and sexual hallucinations

37
Q

What amygdala component—receives majority of limbic cortical input, sends axons back to cortex, send axons to stratal structures, and is a powerful source of input to basal forebrain cholinergic neurons?

A

The basal group

38
Q

Where in the amygdala does associations between emotive stimuli and neutral stimuli are made?

A

basal component

39
Q

Are the axons from the basal component back to the cortex or the one to the striatum for execution of emotive responses?

A

striatum projections—the ones to the cortex are for recognition

40
Q

patients with basal amygdala lesions may have difficulty with what?

A

identifying fear in other peoples faces

41
Q

T-F—major lesions like stroke are often found in the amygdala?

A

False- but subtle changes have been found in many neurodiseases like alzheimers, parkinsons, schizo, depression etc.

42
Q

What classic syndrome–psychic blindness, hypersexuality, lack of fear, hyperorality (increased appetite), memory and learning deficits.

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome–amygdala–experimental syndrome in animals

43
Q

How many layers does the hippocampus have?

A

3

44
Q

Where is the hippocampus located?

A

edge of the cortical mantle adjacent to the choroid fissure–outersurface lines the lateral ventricle

45
Q

The cell layers of the hippocampus are continuous with what structure?

A

subiculum at one end and capped by a dense granular dentate gyrus on the other end

46
Q

What is the subiculum continuous with?

A

entorhinal cortex

47
Q

The cross section of the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus form what?

A

2 interlocking C’s

48
Q

What is the main input to the hippocampus and the dentate gyrus?

A

entorhinal and perirhinal cortex

[hippocampus send axons back to the subiculum and entorhinal area]

49
Q

T-F the hippocampus sends a small amount of axons to the septum pellucidum base? Return axons?

A

Ture- septum or septal complex

Yes the return axons act as a pace maker

50
Q

What is the main source of fibers in the fornix?

A

subiculum

51
Q

Where do mammillary bodies send axons to?

A

anterior thalamic nuclei

52
Q

what is a major role of the hippocampus?

A

memory- spatial or contextual memory and process object related memory as well

53
Q

Tumors or mild trauma to the medial surface of the anterior temporal lobe result in seizures with what symptoms?

A
  • hallucinations
  • abnormal olfactory, taste, sexual sensations
  • stereotypic movements of the tongue and face
54
Q

What does the herpes simplex virus infect in the brain? how?

A

limbic system–may express limbic specific receptors or anatomical routes from nasal cavity and trigeminal ganglion

55
Q

Where does the characteristic pathology of Alzheimers disease begin? progresses to?

A

neurons in the parahippocampal gyrus and progressively involves the hippocampus, amygdala, other limbic cortices [rarely effects primary motor/sensory]

Neuro Unit 3 (9 decks)

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