10 Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
What is amnesia?
a defect in one or more of the three processes of memory
The conscious retrieval of information is known as…?
explicit or declarative memory
What are the two types of explicit memory?
episodic and semantic
What is the recollection of past events with a sense of personal familiarity?
episodic memory
What is semantic memory?
Memory for general declarative information such as vocabulary or arithmetic facts
What is the definition of short term memory?
memories held more or less continuously in consciousness, and for a very brief interval thereafter (about 40 sec)
What is the definition of long term memory?
memory retrieved after delays longer than a minute and/or after the material has departed from consciousness
Long term and short term memory are types of…?
episodic memory
What type of amnesia involves the loss of explicit memory for events occurring subsequent to a neurologic event?
anterograde amnesia
What type of amnesia involves the loss of explicit memory for events which occurred prior to a neurologic event?
retrograde amnesia
What type of memory refers to the facilitation of current behavior by past experience, even when there is no conscious recall of that experience?
implicit memory
What are the two major forms of implicit memory?
procedural memory and priming
What is procedural memory?
the phenomenon whereby repeated performance of a motor act enhances and automates future skill for the same act
What is perceptual priming?
a short-lived enhancement of perceptually-based performance after recent exposure to visually similar material
What is defined as the orientation to and action upon selected sensory percepts and cognitive operations?
attention
What two processes do learning and memory involve at the neuronal level?
a) alterations in synaptic firing patterns
b) alterations in cellular morphology
What is impaired in medial temporal lobe amnesia?
long-term episodic memory across sensory modalities, anterograde completely impaired, graded retrograde impairment
What is intact in medial temporal lobe amnesia?
sensory and motor functions, perception, attention, language, intellect, short term memory, implicit memory
Which circuit is involved in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
the Papez circuit
What are the components of the Papez circuit?
hippocampus, fornix, mamillary bodies, medial dorsal thalamic nucleus
What type of memory involves temporary alteration in synaptic activity for storing and manipulating information?
working memory
T/F: Implicit memory depends on specialized systems of neurons whose only function is to store rather than process information
F; implicit memory results from changes in neurons that are themselves components of the perceptual or behavioral pathway.
What are the three dimensions that can be used to classify memory impairments?
Cognitive context, content or domain, and onset and course
