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1 Upper limb anatomy > 3 Joints in the elbow > Flashcards

3 Joints in the elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

Synovial hinge

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2
Q

How many articulations are in the elbow joint?

A
  1. Trochlea notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus
  2. Head of radius and capitulum of humerus
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3
Q

What other joint has the same bursae as the elbow joint?

A

Proximal radioulnar joint

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4
Q

What are synovial joints surrounded by?

A

Fibrous capsule enclosing the joint

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5
Q

What is the benefit of the fibrous capsule around synovial joints?

A

Strengthens the joint

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6
Q

What is a bursa?

A

Membranous sac filled with synovial fluid

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7
Q

What is the function of a bursa?

A

It cushions moving parts of a joint preventing degenerative damage

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8
Q

What clinically important bursae are in the elbow joint?

A

Intratendinous - within tendon of triceps brachii
Subtendinous - between olecranona and tendon of biceps brachii
Subcutaneous - betweeen olecranoon and overlying connective tissue

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9
Q

Does pronation and supination occur at the elbow joint?

A

No, occur at nearby radioulnar joint

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10
Q

Where is the medial (ulnar) collateral ligament?

A

From medial epicondyle to coronoid process of ulna and olecranon of ulna

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11
Q

Where is the lateral (radial) collateral ligament?

A

From lateral epicondyle to annular ligament of the radius

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12
Q

What is the function of the collateral ligaments?

A

Stabilise the flexion and extension movements of the elbow

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13
Q

What is the arterial supply to the elbow joint?

A

Cubital anastamosis formed from branches of brachial and deep brachial artery

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14
Q

What is the nervous supply to the elbow joint?

A

Anterior: median, radial musculocutaneous nerve
Posterior: ulnar

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15
Q

What movement occurs at the elbow joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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16
Q

Which muscles cause flexion at the elbow joint?

A

Brachioradialis and muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis)

17
Q

Which muscles cause extension at the elbow joint?

A

Muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm (triceps brachii, anconeus)

18
Q

What are the two radioulnar joints?

A

Where the radius meets the ulna in the forearm. Proximal and distal

19
Q

Where are the two radioulnar joints?

A

Proximal: immediatley distal to elbow joint
Distal: immediatley proximal to wrist joint

20
Q

What are the articulating surfaces in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial head and radial notch of the ulna

21
Q

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot

22
Q

What holds the radial head in place in the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

The radial annular ligament as a collar around the joint

23
Q

What movement occurs at the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Supination and pronation

24
Q

What are the articulating surfaces in the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Ulnar notch of the radius and ulnar head

25
Q

What type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot

26
Q

What ligaments strengthen the distal radioulnar joint?

A

Anterior ligament
Posterior ligament
Fibrocartilaginous ligament - articular disk

27
Q

What are the main muscles producing pronation?

A

Pronator quadratus
Pronator teres (most powerful)

28
Q

What accessory muscles produce pronation?

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Brachioradialis

29
Q

What are the main muscles producing supination?

A

Supinator
Biceps brachii (most powerful)

30
Q

What accessory muscles produce supination?

A

Extensor pollicus longis
Extensor carpi radialis longus

31
Q

What type of tissue is the interosseous membrane?

A

A holy sheet of conective tissue

32
Q

Where is the interosseous membrane?

A

Medial border of the radius
Lateral border of the ulna
Between two radioulnar joints

33
Q

What is the function of the holes in the interosseous membrane?

A

For vascular supply to the forearm

34
Q

What is the function of the interosseous membrane?

A

Holds radius and ulna together - additional stability in pronation/supination
Acts as an attachment site for muscles in anterior and posterior compartment of forearm
Transfer forces from the radius to the ulna

1 Upper limb anatomy (13 decks)

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