3. Infection and Response (communicable diseases, animal & plant diseases)

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that can be spread from person to person

Question 2

What are 5 examples of communicable diseases?

Answer 2

• HIV
• Flu
• Covid-19
• Tuberculosis
• STDs

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

A micro-organism that causes disease

Question 4

What are the 4 types of pathogens?

Answer 4

• Bacteria
• Fungi
• Virus
• Protists

Question 5

What are the 3 main ways disease can be spread?

Answer 5

• Water
• Air
• Direct Contact

Question 6

What is measles and how is it spread?

Answer 6

• A red skin rash fever
• Spread by breathing in droplets from sneezes and coughs

Question 7

What is a prevention for measles?

Answer 7

The MMR vaccine proects agains Measles, Mumps and Rubella

Question 8

What is HIV, the symptoms and how is it spread?

Answer 8

• When the body has a low white blood cell count
• Flu like symptoms
• Spread by sexual contact, exchange of any bodily fluids (eg. blood)

Question 9

What treatment is there for HIV?

Answer 9

Anti-retroviral drugs is a treatment for HIV before progressing into AIDS

Question 10

What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus and the symptoms?

Answer 10

• A plant pathogen affecting lots of plants (eg. tomatoes)
• Gives discoloration to the plants and affects their growth

Question 11

What are examples of bacterial diseases?

Answer 11

Salmonella and Gonorrhea

Question 12

What is salmonella and what are the symptoms?

Answer 12

• Food poisoning
• fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, from the food ingested

Question 13

What is a prevention for salmonella?

Answer 13

Poultry are vaccinated to prevent the spread amongst chicken

Question 14

What are examples of viral diseases?

Answer 14

• Measles
• HIV
• Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Question 15

What is Gonorrhea and what are the symptoms?

Answer 15

• It is an STD
• yellow/green discharge will come out of the genitals
• pain when urinating

Question 16

What is a prevention and treatment for Gonorrhea?

Answer 16

• Barrier methods (condoms)
• treated with antibiotics

Question 17

What is an example of a fungal disease?

Answer 17

Rose black spot

Question 18

What is Rose black spot?

Answer 18

Purple or black spots on leaves, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off

Question 19

How is Rose black spot spread?

Answer 19

By water or wind

Question 20

How can rose black spot be treated (3 ways)?

Answer 20

• fungicides
• pesticides
• remove affected leaves

Question 21

What is a protist?

Answer 21

• They are eukaryotes, most are single celled
• Some protists are parasites

Question 22

What are some protists?

Answer 22

Parasites

Question 23

What are parasites?

Answer 23

Parasites are an organism that live on or inside other organisms and can cause them damage

Question 24

How are parasites often transferred?

Answer 24

By a vector

Question 25

What is a vector?

Answer 25

Something that doesn’t get the disease itself but can spread it

Question 26

What is an example of a vector?

Answer 26

An insect that carries a protist: Mosquitos carrying malaria

Question 27

What is an example of a disease caused by a protist?

Answer 27

Malaria

Question 28

How is malaria spread and how is it prevented?

Answer 28

• By mosquitos
• Vaccinations, mosquito nets

Question 29

What causes the symptoms of samonella?

Answer 29

The toxins produced by the bacteria

Question 30

How is malaria spread to humans and then mosquitos?

Answer 30

1. Sporozoite is ingested into human blood
2. Sporozoite lives in our liver cells, after 10 days sporozoites grown into morozoites and breaks free and travels into the bloodstream
3. Morozoites begin to go into our red blood cells
4. They begin to reproduce in red blood cells
5. Infected blood cells will begin to burst, infecting our other red blood cells, depleting oxygen levels
6. The host’s bloodstream is ingested by another mosquito to carry into the next hosts blood steam