1. Cell Biology (cell structure)

Question 1

What are eukaryotic cells?

Answer 1

Plant and animal cells, that have genetic information enclosed in a nucleus

Question 2

What are prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Bacterial cells. Their genetic information is not enclosed in a nucleus.

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

It controls the activities of the cell and is where the genetic information is enclosed.

Question 4

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 4

It releases energy for the cell via aerobic respiration

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

The cytoplasm is a jelly like substance where all the chemical reactions take place

Question 6

What does the ribosome do?

Answer 6

Where protein synthesis takes place (the making of protein)

Question 7

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 7

The cell wall keeps the cell rigid and strong, and is made of cellulose

Question 8

What is the role of the permanent vacuole?

Answer 8

The vacuole contains cell sap, a weak solution of sugars and salts. It acts like a pump for the cell, keeping it turgid

Question 9

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 9

• It is the site of photosynthesis
• It contains a green pigment called chlorophyll which absorbs sunlight needed for photosynthesis

Question 10

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 10

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell. Eg, proteins, water, sugars

Question 11

What is the flagellum and what is its function?

Answer 11

The flagellum is a long hair like structure that helps to rotate and move the cell.

Question 12

What are plasmids?

Answer 12

Small loops of extra DNA that are not part of the chromosomal DNA

Question 13

What is the chromosomal DNA in bacteria?

Answer 13

The free floating, single loop of DNA inside the cytoplasm (instead of nucleus)

Question 14

What organelles do plant cells have that animal cells do not?

Answer 14

• Cellulose cell wall
• Vacuole
• Chloroplasts

Question 15

What are the common organelles that usually both plant and animal cells have?

Answer 15

• Nucleus
• Mitochondria
• Cell membrane
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosomes

Question 16

What are the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 16

• Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotes do not
• Eukaryotes have larger ribosomes than the ribosomes in prokaryotes
• Prokaryotes are much smaller than eukaryotes
• Eukaryotes have their genetic information enclosed in a nucleus whereas prokaryotes do not

Question 17

What cells, other than plant cells, have a cell wall made from cellulose?

Answer 17

Algal cells

Question 18

In a bacteria cell, where is the genetic information?

Answer 18

In the free-floating chromosomal DNA and in plasmids

Question 19

Which cells are smaller, prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Answer 19

Prokaryotic cells

Question 20

What is the structure of DNA in eukaryotes?

Answer 20

double helix structure

Question 21

What is a double-helix structure in DNA?

Answer 21

When you unwind the chromosome it is linear

Question 22

What are prokaryotes coated with?

Answer 22

A polysaccharide capsule, which is a complex carbohydrate coated around the bacterium.

Question 23

What are the usual structures that make up a bacterial cell?

Answer 23

• Single, free-flowing, loop of DNA
• Plasmids
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Cell wall

Question 24

What do plasmids contain genes for?

Answer 24

Drug resistance, which is passed down between generations in bacteria